FILTRATION AND CRYSTALLISATION

FILTRATION AND CRYSTALLISATION

1. IF YOU'VE MIXED A SOLID WITH A LIQUID, IT SHOULD BE PRETTY EASY TO SEPARATE THEM OUT AGAIN WHICH METHOD YOU USE DEPENDS ON WEATHER OR NOT THE SOLID CAN DISSOLVE IN THE LIQUID

2. FILTRATION IS USED TO SEPARATE AND INSOLUBLE SOLID FROM A LIQUID

   • 1. IF THE PRODUCT OF A REACTION IS AN INSOLUBLE SOLID YOU CAN USE FILTRATION TO SEPARATE IT OUT FROM THE LIQUID MIXTURE
     • 2. IT CAN BE USED IN PURIFICATION AS WELL, FOR EXAMPLE, SOLID IMPURITIES CAN BE SEPARATED OUT FROM A REACTION MIXTURE USING FILTRATION.
       • 3. ALL YOU DO IS POP SOME FILTER PAPER INTO A FUNNEL AND POUR YOUR MIXTURE INTO IT. THE LIQUID PART OF THE MIXTURE RUNS THROUGH THE PAPER, LEAVING BEHIND THE SOLID RESIDUE.

3. CRYSTALLISATION SEPARATES A SOLUBLE SOLID FROM A LIQUID

   • 1. POUR THE SOLUTION INTO AN EVAPORATING DISH AND GENTLY HEAT THE SOLUTION, SOME OF THE SOLVENT (WHICH IS USUALLY WATER) WILL EVAPORATE AND THE SOLUTION WILL BECOME MORE CONCENTRATED
     • 2. ONCE SOME OF THE SOLVENT HAS EVAPORATED OR WHEN YOU SEE CRYSTALS START TO FORM ( THE POINT OF CRYSTALLISATION) REMOVE THE DISH FROM THE HEAT AND LEAVE THE SOLUTION TO COOL
       • 3. THE SALT SHOULD FORM CRYSTALS AS IT BECOMES INSOLUBLE IN THE COLD AND IT BECOMES HIGHLY CONCENTRATED
         • 4. FILTER THE CRYSTALS OUT OF THE SOLUTION AND LEAVE THEM TO DRY

4. CHOOSING THE RIGHT PURIFICATION METHOD

   • YOU MUST CAREFULLY PICK THE METHOD OF SEPARATION, THE BEST TECHNIQUE WILL DEPEND ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE SUBSTANCES
   • EXAMPLE : A MIXTURE IS COMPOSED OF TWO SUBSTANCES X AND Y SUBSTANCE X IS A LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE,, HAS A MELTING POINT OF 5 DEGREES A BOILING POINT OF 60 DEGREES SUBSTANCE Y IS A SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE IT HAS A MELTING POINT OF 745 DEGREES AND A BOILING POINT OF 1218 DEGREES SUBSTANCE Y DISSOLVES COMPLETELY IN SUBSTANCE X
     • SUGGEST A PURIFICATION METHOD YOU COULD USE TO OBTAIN
       • A PURE SAMPLE OF SUBSTANCE X
         • TO GET X ON ITS OWN YOU NEED TO DISTIL IT FROM THE SOLUTION -- YOU CAN USE SIMPLE DISTILLATION - THERE IS NO NEED FOR FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION AS THERE IS ONLY ONE LIQUID IN THE SOLUTION
       • A PURE SAMPLE OF SUBSTANCE Y
         • TO GET A SOLUBLE SLID OUT OF A SOLUTION, YOU SHOULD USE CRYSTALLISATION

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