Zusammenfassung der Ressource
FRENCH REVOLUTION
- The French Revolution is an uprising in France against the monarchy from 1789 to 1799
which resulted in the establishment of France as a republic.
- THE CAUSES
- THE INFLUENCE OF
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
- The Enlightenment was put into practice in the
American Revolution.
- Revolutionaries demanded that all french subjects were free
and equal to the law.
- POLITICAL
CRISIS
- Estates general
- Set out two problems:
- Clergy and nobility had more power (2
votes) than the third estate (1 vote)
- Estates general
couldn't limit the king's
power.
- ECONOMIC
CRISIS
- France is bankrupt due to:
- France participated in
American War of
Independence.
- Royal family spent large
amounts of money.
- Louis XVI decided to increase taxes, even for the
privileged upper classes.
- SOCIAL
CRISIS
- All three estates were discontented
with the crown.
- Clergy and nobility
- Didn't want to pay taxes.
- Middle classes and peasanty
- Objected to the privileges enjoyed by the
clergy and nobility.
- Angered by the luxurious lifestyle
of the crown and court.
- MAJOR EVENTS
- Increasing political and economic problems, Louis XVI decided to call
together the Estates General in 1789 in order to increase taxes.
This meeting marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
- THE CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY
(1789-1791)
Anmerkungen:
- Also called the National Assembly.
- Third Estate proposed new
voting system:
- Each representative would have an
individual vote.
- People from Paris stormed the Bastille. (14
July 1789)
Anmerkungen:
- Bastille: A famous political prison.
- LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
(1791-1792)
- Confrontations between two political groups, Girondists and Jacobins.
- GIRONDISTS
- Believed in the Revolution.
- Moderate political ideas.
- Limited suffrage.
- JACOBINS
- Believed in the revolution.
- They expanded suffrage.
- Radical political ideas.
- The war against Austria and Prussia.
- CONVENTION
(1792-1795)
- Absolution of the Monarchy and execution of Louis XVI.
- War with the absolutists nations of Europe.
- Robespierre eliminated any opposition by using terror
and guillotine.
- DIRECTORY AND
CONSULATE
(1795-1799)
- Executive power was held by a directory of five members.
- Napoleon stood out in many military campaigns and became the first consul.
- THE CONCEQUENCES
- POLITICAL CHANGES
- Caused end of absolute monarchy.
- Constitutional monarchies and republics were formed.
- New constitutions:
- BASED ON:
- Popular sovereignty
- Separation of powers
- ESTABLISHED:
- Limited male suffrage
- Civil rights
- Elections led to the emergence of political groups.
- ECONOMIC CHANGES
- Legal changes ended the economic privileges that has characterized the Ancien Régime.
- All citizens now had to pay tax and contribute to
the states expenses.
Anmerkungen:
- Including nobility and clergy.
- New laws guaranteed private property rights.
- Free trade was guaranteed in
benefited middle-class merchants.
- SOCIAL CHANGES
- Once the clergy and nobility had lost the privileges they had
enjoyed under the Ancien Régime, the Estates system
ceased to exit.
- Main concequence
- The crisis and ultimate disintegration
of the Ancien Régime.