Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Wolsey: Reducing power
of the nobility/opposition
- Nobility
- 1518 Expulsion of the Minions
- Wolsey gave them positions
outside of court
- Wolsey put William Pace into the minions
as a spy
- 1526 Eltham Ordinances
- reduces size of The Privy
Chamber from 12 to 6
- William Compton is removed -
replaced by Henry Norris who isn't
anti-Wolsey
- 1520 - 'Gentlemen of The
Privy Chamber' formed
- Henry agrees - Wolsey did this
under financial reform - however
other parts weren't carried out
- 1521-25 Wolsey sends them
abroad as ambassadors/to control
the army
- 1525 Treaty of More - peace with
France means they all come back
- Wolsey disregarded the
noble's advice on the 1525
Amicable Grant
- Wolsey encouraged people to take
nobles to court because of enclosure
- 1515 Act of Resumption -
nobles disliked as they had to
give land back to the crown
- Legal System
- Canon Law - religious law
- Civil Law - based on Roman
law, decisions based on
common sense
- Common Law (Norman) -
derived from custom and judicial
precedent rather than laws
- Changes
- 1516 - Star Chamber was made more
efficient. Case load rose from 12 a year
under Henry VII to 120 a year with Wolsey
- Status gave people no protection - 1516
Earl of Northumberland sent to jail
- 1519 - Set up Court of Requests so that
poor people could get justice cheaply
- Court of Chancery used more often
- cases about property and wills
- Abuses
- Sir Amyus Paulet - made to attend court
every day for 5 years because he put
Wolsey in the stocks when he was young
- Wolsey used the courts to target his
enemies, e.g. Sir Robert Sheffield was sent to
jail in 1517 for being an 'accessory to crime'
- Decisions in court were often
corrupt and bias towards the rich;
cases were also too long and
expensive
- Parliament
- 1515
- Wolsey was appointed Lord Chancellor
- Parliament was hostile towards Wolsey
because of the 1511 Richard Hunne case
and the fact that he didn't want Horsey
(accused of Hunne's murder) to go on trial
- Wolsey opposed the Benefit of
the Clergy being taken away
- Wolsey dismissed Parliament
before they voted on
taxation, as he didn't want
higher taxes - caused dislike
- The public resented Wolsey
because Horsey was released after
being tried in 1515. Wolsey also
blocked law reforms on mortuary
fees - linked to Hunne case
- 1523
- Wolsey was given
£130,000 for war with
France, originally asked
for £800,000
- Taxes were increased and people
had to declare their earnings to the
government - dislike from public
- Wolsey was forced to drop his anti-enclosure
policy in order to appease Parliament for money
- Only meeting of
Parliament whilst
Wolsey was Chancellor
- Parliament disliked Wolsey
as he manipulated the
House of Commons into
voting in the Subsidy Tax
- 1st December 1529 - Thomas More created a
list of articles against Wolsey's government
and accusing him of treason. However, this
was dropped because of Cromwell and the
King's lack of support
- Finance
- 1515 Act of Resumption
- Nobles had to give land
back to the crown that had
been gifted
- Once the land was
given back the
Crown rented it out
- The Crown gained £5,000-£10,000 p/a
- Subsidy Tax
- 1 shilling per pound taken
- The Crown gained over £300,000 from this
- Based on a more accurate
valuation of the taxpayer's wealth
- Collected in 1513-15 and 1523
- Gained £170,000 between 1515-1516
- Benevolences of 1522
- Emergency measure,
collected from wealthy
subjects
- Brought in £260,000 between 1522-23
- Needed for 1523 3 Pronged Attack
- Caused resentment from nobles
- 1523 Parliament
- Wolsey demanded
£800,000 to be collected
over several years
- Only £150,000 was collected in 1522
- Problem - this was on
top of loans collected
in 1522
- Wasn't a lump sum,
paid in installments
- 1525 Amicable Grant
- non-Parliamentary tax
- Commission sent out in April
1525 - met with much resistance
- Rebellion in London and East Anglia - 10,000 people took
part in Lavenham, crushed by Norfolk and Suffolk
- This was for the 1525 Battle of Pavia
- Henry had to abandon his
campaign to invade France
after the Battle of Pavia
- Domestic Policy
- Enclosure
- 3 Statutes were passed against enclosure
before Wolsey became Chancellor
- 1517 Wolsey launched a national anti
enclosure act - had to rebuild houses
and return land to farming
- Problems caused by enclosure
- Food
shortages due
to a lack of
crops
- Rural depopulation
and unemployment
- Caused by inflation
- 264 people were taken to court
because of enclosure; 32 knights, 9
nobles, 3 bishops, 51 heads of
religious houses and several Oxford
colleges
- Wolsey insisted that the
enclosure laws of 1489 and
1514-15 were obeyed
- 1523
- Wolsey dropped his
anti-enclosure campaign in 1523
- This was to appease Parliament in
order to obtain money for war with
France
- Subsidy Tax
- 'Just Price' - to stop people being overcharged for
basic foodstuffs. Poultry prices in London were fixed
in 1518 and in 1527 he purchased surplus grain to
sell to the poor at a cheap price