Crisis of the cold war

Krushchev and peaceful co-existance
1. "de-stalinisation
  1. statues down
  2. rename cities
  3. secret police
  4. do more for people
2. peaceful co-existance
  1. confrontation to peace
  2. recognise western powers
  3. compete not confront
Hungarian uprising, 1956
1. opposition to soviet control
  1. secret police-killing 2,000 opponents/imprisioning 200,000
    1. religion-communism(atheist)
      1. Poland-sucessful uprising
        censorship-freedom of speech
        end of Stalin-death/freedom
        education-linked to soviets not west
2. october, 1956
  1. imre nagy-elected
    1. changes he made
      1. stopped control of press and radio
        allowed non communists to vote
        free elections
        left warsaw pact
        secret police reduced
3. Soviet invasion
  1. leaving Warsaw pact was unacceptable
    1. 1000 tanks/4000 killed/200,000 fled
      1. Nagy appealed to the west but they did nothing
        out of sphere of interest
4. Results
  1. nagy arrested/executed
    1. new government-communist/rid of reforms/300 executed/protesters imprisoned
      1. US powerless
        NATO-no action talk only
        propaganda victory for krushchev
U2 spy plane crisis
1. The spy in the sky
  1. U2 plane-lightweight hybrid/75,000
    1. "operation overflight"
      1. to take pictures
        angered soviets
2. May 1960
  1. gary powers was shot down/captured by Soviets in ural mountains
    1. us denied/ said was a weather plane/trap/had all evidence
  2. Response
    1. k trapped Eisenhower/US caught spying and lying/peace summit cancelled
      1. Krushchev was under pressure from china who thought he was too soft
3. Results
  1. end of peaceful co-existance
    1. Us forces alert
    2. no test ban treaty
The Berlin wall
1. Embaressment
  1. Marshall aid-pumped money/comparison
    1. 30,000 plus moving east to west
2. Events
  1. easy to escape-nothing to stop-easy to walk across
    1. 13th august 1961-barbed wire-kenedy protested-replaced-45km concrete walll
  2. Kennedy protests-not prepared for war-soviets business
    1. people lost homes,jobs,famillies
3. propaganda and the wall
  1. "democracy may not be perfect but we don't have to build a wall to keep our people in"
    1. soviets-spying-riot-safety
    2. Us-relieved-there would be no attack
4. results
  1. USSR
    1. wall=sucess
      1. stabilised economy
        more control
  2. USA
    1. propaganda victory
      1. no fear of blockade
        USSR given up
The Cuban missiles crisis
1. Backround
  1. close to US
    1. full of mafia "rich americans playground"
      1. Castro-wanted to Nationalise land properties and oil
2. Response to castro
  1. Trade embargo-USSR buy suger for high price instead of US
    1. CIA activities-assasinate castro e.g. explosives in cigars
      1. Bay of pigs-Kennedy persuaded to overthrow Castro-no support-embaressing
3. Events
  1. Cuba became and soviet satellite state-worried K-right next to USA
    1. Soviets ship arms to Cuba e.g bombs, planes,missiles
      1. Soviets insisted they were defensive,
  2. response- ranging from nothing to launch a nuclear attack
    1. 22nd Oct-K announce blockade on TV
      1. Searched approaching ships
4. End of crisis
  1. worked in some ways-stopped more
    1. did not remove ones already there
      1. 1st letter-us agree to lift blockade
        2nd letter-remove missiles from Cuba if from Turkey
    2. People believe he sent two because-hardliners saw it as to soft-
      1. K agreed to 1st-public,2nd-private
        RESULTS-
        Hotline-phonlink
        Test ban treaty-eventually disarm completely
        Detente-relaxation of tension
Arms race
1. ICBM'S
  1. intercontinental ballistic missiles
    1. based in turkey(US)
    2. Stored in concrete stilos
2. Submarines
  1. underwater missiles
    1. changed-impossible to strike first
3. MAD
  1. Detterence-dominated 60's
    1. Mutually assured destruction
      1. to scared to attack
      2. 1968-Non Profileration treaty
Space race
1. US
  1. 1958-satellite
    1. 1961-first american to space
      1. 1971-first exploration of the moon
  2. 1962-rocket to venus
    1. 1965-first space walk
    2. 1969-man on the moon
2. USSR
  1. 1957-sputnik 1/2
    1. 1959-satellite reaches moon
      1. 1961-first man into space
        1963-first women to space

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Crisis of the cold war

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