925539
International Relations
- POWER
- HARD
- 1. Organizational Capacity (institutions
& bureaucracies) 2. Political Skill (bully,
buy and bargain; build coalitions)
- Nye: Coerce with
threats (authoritarian)
- Cooper
- democratic peace theory may not be so important in the realms of the international society
- democratic peace theory may not be so important in the realms of the international society
- Nye: Coerce with
threats (authoritarian)
- 1. Organizational Capacity (institutions
& bureaucracies) 2. Political Skill (bully,
buy and bargain; build coalitions)
- SMART
- 1. Contextual IQ
(understand evolving
environment)
- 1. Contextual IQ
(understand evolving
environment)
- SOFT
- 1. Policy Vision (balance ideals & capabilities) 2.
Communications (persuasive words) 3. Emotional
IQ (manage relationships with self-awareness
and control)
- Nye: Induce with payments (imposition =
influence)
- Nye: Induce with payments (imposition =
influence)
- 1. Policy Vision (balance ideals & capabilities) 2.
Communications (persuasive words) 3. Emotional
IQ (manage relationships with self-awareness
and control)
- Hart
- 1.Control over resources 2.Control over
actors 3.Control over events/outcomes
(interdependence power): rational choice
theory
- Nye: Attract and co-opt
- Nye: Attract and co-opt
- 1.Control over resources 2.Control over
actors 3.Control over events/outcomes
(interdependence power): rational choice
theory
- HARD
- WAR
- New
- Liberal
- Derrida
- Failed States
- religion is not pure; democracy/liberty
should not be defensive
- Failed States
- + or - freedom
- Derrida
- Just
- Bellamy
- legal vs. moral
- Geneva Convention, Hague Convention
- Bellamy
- Liberal
- Old
- 'rules of war':
London Charter,
UN Charter
- 'rules of war':
London Charter,
UN Charter
- Five PSCM are in top six world arms
producers (SIPRI 2012) 1.USA 2. Russia
3. Germany 4. France 5. China 6. UK
- New
- THEORY
- THE ENGLISH SCHOOL
- international society which despite the
condition of anarchy, remains a society of
states with common interests, which leads
to the establishment of international rules
- International system (realism/neo-realism): power politics amongst nation-states (structure and process of
international anarchy at centre/ national priority): does not seem to work. (Hobbes); International society
(rationalism/constructivism): institutionalisation of shared interests and identity amongst states (shared
norms, rules and institutions at centre/ international priority) – too narrow. (Grotius); World society
(revolutionism/liberalism): individuals, non-state organisations and the global population is the focus of
global societal identities (transcendence of the state system at centre/ humanitarian priority) – cultural
perspective. (Kant) Links the English School to both globalisation debates and EU debates.
- Problems of World Society: Isomorphism: instead of diversity of political units, there is significant evidence
of homogeneity. Rational actorhood: the state is not only rational, but also nice. Decoupling: nation-states
are supposed to be tightly coupled structures; in reality, there is contradiction between commitments and
policies. Expansive structuration: exogenous models not rooted in local circumstance lead to irrational
development.
- Problems of World Society: Isomorphism: instead of diversity of political units, there is significant evidence
of homogeneity. Rational actorhood: the state is not only rational, but also nice. Decoupling: nation-states
are supposed to be tightly coupled structures; in reality, there is contradiction between commitments and
policies. Expansive structuration: exogenous models not rooted in local circumstance lead to irrational
development.
- international society which despite the
condition of anarchy, remains a society of
states with common interests, which leads
to the establishment of international rules
- CONSTRUCTIVISM
- Wendt
- importance
of
psychology
and culture
- Wendt
- RATIONALISM
- REALISM
- use of power between states and
the tendency towards conflict
- Sovereign states act for their own security, in pursuit of their
own national interests, and against a struggle for power
- Korab-Karpowicz
- Korab-Karpowicz
- Sovereign states act for their own security, in pursuit of their
own national interests, and against a struggle for power
- Waltz
- structural constraints—not strategy, egoism, or motivation—will
determine behaviour in international relations
- structural constraints—not strategy, egoism, or motivation—will
determine behaviour in international relations
- Morganthau
- Six Principles: laws are in line with human nature; driving force self interest for power
- Six Principles: laws are in line with human nature; driving force self interest for power
- Conditions: anarchy; state sovereignty; power/interests
- Products: balance of power vs. hegemonic stability
- use of power between states and
the tendency towards conflict
- LIBERALISM
- Nye
- Keohane
- in international politics there are, in fact, multiple channels that connect societies exceeding the
conventional Westphalian system of states. This manifests itself in many forms ranging from informal
governmental ties to multinational corporations and organizations
- in international politics there are, in fact, multiple channels that connect societies exceeding the
conventional Westphalian system of states. This manifests itself in many forms ranging from informal
governmental ties to multinational corporations and organizations
- IOs are better suited to
maintaining the peace than
nation states
- Conditions: absolute gains; reduce information and transaction costs
- stresses the possibility of cooperation between states, supports the emergence of
international institutions and international law, and wishes to protect the rights
and interests of individual human beings.
- support both the rule of law, and
the liberties of states and
individuals, as well as the freedoms
of a hegemon and economic
arrangements containing gross
inequalities
- support both the rule of law, and
the liberties of states and
individuals, as well as the freedoms
of a hegemon and economic
arrangements containing gross
inequalities
- Nye
- REALISM
- THE ENGLISH SCHOOL
- STATES
- Balance of Power
- Long Peace
- League of Nations
- United Nations
- Inclusive and exclusive model; Fully supported by the victorious states and the
losing states; Has its own military capabilities and states obliged to put their military if
called upon to do so; General Assembly has qualified majority of 2/3rds for security
resolutions and membership applications - everything else is simple majority;
Security Council: 15 members, need no veto and nine votes; Failed to uphold the
balance of power model – Bipolar, Unipolar BUT ensured long-term global peace
was maintained
- Inclusive and exclusive model; Fully supported by the victorious states and the
losing states; Has its own military capabilities and states obliged to put their military if
called upon to do so; General Assembly has qualified majority of 2/3rds for security
resolutions and membership applications - everything else is simple majority;
Security Council: 15 members, need no veto and nine votes; Failed to uphold the
balance of power model – Bipolar, Unipolar BUT ensured long-term global peace
was maintained
- Failed to prevent the Second World War – 20 Year Crisis;
Adopted exclusive model of the system of IR; Lacked
support of most powerful states in IR (US); No military
capability of its own; Voting by unanimity – lack of
efficiency; Failed to uphold the balance of power model
- United Nations
- League of Nations
- Long Peace
- Bipolarity
- Cold War
- Unipolarity
- Interdependance
- Interdependance
- Huntington
- Remaking of World Order: "Clashes of civilizations are the greatest threat to world peace"
- Remaking of World Order: "Clashes of civilizations are the greatest threat to world peace"
- Unipolarity
- Cold War
- DEMOCRACY
- Democratic institutions as part of good governance require:
1.Independent judiciary 2.Rule of law 3.Civil society fostered
4.Free press supported 5.Free market systems encouraged
- Kant
- Democratic Peace Theory
- Democratic Peace Theory
- Fukuyama
- Democracy is the end of history
- Democracy is the end of history
- Democratic institutions as part of good governance require:
1.Independent judiciary 2.Rule of law 3.Civil society fostered
4.Free press supported 5.Free market systems encouraged
- Balance of Power
- PEACE
- Positive
- Treaties
- Inclusive
- 'Peace feelers' ; diplomacy
- Potsdam Proclamation
- 'Peace feelers' ; diplomacy
- Exclusive
- unconditional surrender ; reparations
- domestic tort model ; deterrence
- Cairo Declaration
- unconditional surrender ; reparations
- Inclusive
- Peace-making;
Peace-keeping;
Peace-building
- Treaties
- Negative
- Nehru
- the human condition wretched throughout history on account of: exploitation and expropriation; class
struggle; conflict; enlightened 'interludes'; the ‘unpleasantness’ and ‘slowness’ of history
- The behaviour of men can be changed by conscious effort and a new civilization can be created
- Resting on Satyagraha, conflict ought to be removed from IR and replaced by cooperation.
- the human condition wretched throughout history on account of: exploitation and expropriation; class
struggle; conflict; enlightened 'interludes'; the ‘unpleasantness’ and ‘slowness’ of history
- Positive
- GLOBALISATION
- Democratic peace theory;
Cosmopolitanism = welfare
+ equality versus;
Communitarianism =
individual + community
- led to integration and fragmentation
- led to integration and fragmentation
- Democratic peace theory;
Cosmopolitanism = welfare
+ equality versus;
Communitarianism =
individual + community
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