Module 1

Seite 1

Definitions:

Deviance: provides the boundaries of

acceptable behavior and it promotes integration. It has the consequence of

keeping society in check. It provides integration.

Social Controls: are organized methods

for teaching and enforcing conformity.

Two

forms of social control:

Informal: relationships with significant others (people’s whose affection and approval are

important to us)

Formal:

defined by legal sanctions and enforced by institutions such as the police,

courts, and various local, state, and federal legislatures.

The

enforcement of norms is done through

the threat of and implementation of rewards and punishments by those who

represent an organization or institution or the whole society.

Formal Agents of social control act on

the basis of rules and laws (most of the

rules and laws are written)

Social Groups: collections of people

who interact on the micro-level. Each of these social groups has its own interests.

Not all groups have similar interests, many of the groups may conflict with one

another. They create the rules and violation that constitute deviance behavior.

Theories: provide different ways of

understanding why deviant behavior is ever-present in society.

Laws: strongest norms supported by formal

code of sanctions, violations may include fines, imprisonment or death

Mores: moral norms based on social

values, violations seen as a threat to social order.

Folkways: everyday norms based on

custom, traditions and etiquette, violations are seen as not serious but may

cause a person to be viewed as weird.

1) Define deviance as a norm

violation and identify the kinds of behavior that fall into this category.

Deviance is the violation of norms. Provides

the boundaries of acceptable behavior and it promotes integration. It has the

consequence of keeping society in check. It provides integration. Deviance is a relative issue,

and standards for deviance change based on a number of factors, including

location, age, social status, individual societies. It can serve as a positive and

negative in our society.

Behaviors that fall into deviant category:

Crimes of violence

Obesity

Unwed pregnancy

Violating dress or speech conventions

Kinky sexual behaviors

Using drugs

Violent acts

Overt acts

ABC’s of Deviance: Attitudes, Behaviors, Conditions:

Attitudes:

Being branded deviant for alternative

attitudes or beliefs

Examples: religious cult members,

Satanists or political extremists such as terrorists.

Mental illness also falls into this

category.

Behaviors:

Overt acts that are regarded as

deviant

Examples: violating dress or speech

conventions, kinky sexual behavior, using drugs, or violent acts

Achieved deviant status:

people cast into deviant label for overt act

Conditions:

Seen as deviant for condition or

quality that may be achieved or ascribed deviant status:

Based on condition from birth about

which the person can do nothing

May also be achieved by disfiguring

oneself or getting full body tattoo

2) Distinguish deviance from

crime and apply this distinction to concrete examples.

Crime: the violation of laws enacted by

society. Crime is a legal definition

created by the agents of the dominant class in power, it is decided by the

judgement of others. The greater the definition of crime the greater the

amounts of crime.

*crime and deviance overlap in

some ways, some act can be both and crime and deviant behavior, they overlap

with liberated extents.

Deviance: a violation of any social rule or law.

3) Understand the problematic

nature of definitions of deviance by becoming aware of different theoretical

assumptions, controversies and challenges relating to the contrasting

perspectives of cultural relativism (Becker, Quinney) versus normative

objectivism (Heckert-Heckert, Costello).

Norms: rules we learn that guide our behavior and thought in certain

situations. The enforcement

of norms is done through the threat of and implementation of rewards and

punishments by those who represent an organization or institution or the whole

society.

Cultural

Relativism:

not having absolute moral objectives or values that transcend culture. The

culture's changing social norms become the moral standard by which one's

actions are measured.

Social

Control: are organized methods for teaching and enforcing

conformity; the

enforcement of conformity by society upon its members either by law or by

social pressure.

Normative

objectivism:

of deviance and more precisely distinguishes positive deviance, along with

three other categories of deviance. Negative deviance, the traditional

focus of the sociology of deviance, refers to behaviors that involve under

conformity or nonconformity to norms and negative evaluations.

4) Explain the four main ways

deviance has been defined: absolutist approach, statistical approach,

normative/objectivist approach and reactivist/subjectivist approach.

Absolutist

Approach:

ethical view that particular actions are intrinsically right or wrong.

Normative/objectivist

approach;

Argues that social problems are harmful, ex/ poverty--poverty statistics

to see if its harmful

Reactivist/subjectivist

approach:

Reactivist: any action that produces a reaction

(violates a norm)

Subjectivist: The Subjectivist approach would be to

measure it based on the claims about poverty. When social problems are

defined by people's subjective understanding of what is or isn't a social

problem. Quality of a social condition, but rather the subjective

reactions to that condition, that make something a social problem.

5) Explain how society creates

deviance by defining the rules that become the basis for the labeling of

deviance.

Who

is branded as deviant, and what people decide to do about deviance all

have to do with the way a society is organized. Deviance, then, is viewed

as the result of unsuccessful socialization.

Boundaries

are not always clear cut, or fixed so that violations are consistent.

Changes

in society or the surrounding environment may cause society to define

certain behaviors that were not considered crimes to become crimes over

time.

6) Explain the role of ideology

in crime control and to argue convincingly on behalf of a conflict perspective

for interpreting crime in society.

Crime

control refers to the methods taken to reduce crime in society. The system

of ideas and ideals, which forms the basis of economic or theory and

policy against crime. Crime policy, lawmakers and those that explore

legislature and attitudes and positions on criminal justice policy issues.

Strict and swift punishment for crimes; in return, this strict adherence

benefits society by striking fear in criminals because they will be

harshly punished.

4) Explain the four main ways

deviance has been defined: absolutist approach, statistical approach,

normative/objectivist approach and reactivist/subjectivist approach.

Absolutist

Approach: ethical view that particular actions are intrinsically right or

wrong.

Normative/objectivist

approach; doing what is right because it is right.

Reactivist/subjectivist approach:

Subjectivist: When social problems are defined by people's subjective

understanding of what is or isn't a social problem. Quality of a social

condition, but rather the subjective reactions to that condition, that make

something a social problem.

5) Explain how society creates

deviance by defining the rules that become the basis for the labeling of

deviance.

Society decides what is acceptable and what is not, it is done

by rules, laws and community deciding what behavior is viewed as appropriate and

inappropriate.

6) Explain the role of ideology

in crime control and to argue convincingly on behalf of a conflict perspective

for interpreting crime in society.

Ideology of crime is constructed and diffused by the dominate

class to secure its hegemony. It is the idea of crime viewed by the dominant

class who incorporate laws, social views, crime and criminals. A conflict of

law may be loitering, where one sees another as being bothersome by just

hanging around their property, the person hanging around may feel it is their

right to go be anywhere for any amount of time.

Definitions:

Deviance: provides the boundaries of

acceptable behavior and it promotes integration. It has the consequence of

keeping society in check. It provides integration.

Social Controls: are organized methods

for teaching and enforcing conformity.

Two

forms of social control:

Informal: relationships with significant others (people’s whose affection and approval are

important to us)

Formal:

defined by legal sanctions and enforced by institutions such as the police,

courts, and various local, state, and federal legislatures.

The

enforcement of norms is done through

the threat of and implementation of rewards and punishments by those who

represent an organization or institution or the whole society.

Formal Agents of social control act on

the basis of rules and laws (most of the

rules and laws are written)

Social Groups: collections of people

who interact on the micro-level. Each of these social groups has its own interests.

Not all groups have similar interests, many of the groups may conflict with one

another. They create the rules and violation that constitute deviance behavior.

Theories: provide different ways of

understanding why deviant behavior is ever-present in society.

Laws: strongest norms supported by formal

code of sanctions, violations may include fines, imprisonment or death

Mores: moral norms based on social

values, violations seen as a threat to social order.

Folkways: everyday norms based on

custom, traditions and etiquette, violations are seen as not serious but may

cause a person to be viewed as weird.

1) Define deviance as a norm

violation and identify the kinds of behavior that fall into this category.

Deviance is the violation of norms. Provides

the boundaries of acceptable behavior and it promotes integration. It has the

consequence of keeping society in check. It provides integration. Deviance is a relative issue,

and standards for deviance change based on a number of factors, including

location, age, social status, individual societies. It can serve as a positive and

negative in our society.

Behaviors that fall into deviant category:

Crimes of violence

Obesity

Unwed pregnancy

Violating dress or speech conventions

Kinky sexual behaviors

Using drugs

Violent acts

Overt acts

ABC’s of Deviance: Attitudes, Behaviors, Conditions:

Attitudes:

Being branded deviant for alternative

attitudes or beliefs

Examples: religious cult members,

Satanists or political extremists such as terrorists.

Mental illness also falls into this

category.

Behaviors:

Overt acts that are regarded as

deviant

Examples: violating dress or speech

conventions, kinky sexual behavior, using drugs, or violent acts

Achieved deviant status:

people cast into deviant label for overt act

Conditions:

Seen as deviant for condition or

quality that may be achieved or ascribed deviant status:

Based on condition from birth about

which the person can do nothing

May also be achieved by disfiguring

oneself or getting full body tattoo

2) Distinguish deviance from

crime and apply this distinction to concrete examples.

Crime: the violation of laws enacted by

society. Crime is a legal definition

created by the agents of the dominant class in power, it is decided by the

judgement of others. The greater the definition of crime the greater the

amounts of crime.

*crime and deviance overlap in

some ways, some act can be both and crime and deviant behavior, they overlap

with liberated extents.

Deviance: a violation of any social rule or law.

3) Understand the problematic

nature of definitions of deviance by becoming aware of different theoretical

assumptions, controversies and challenges relating to the contrasting

perspectives of cultural relativism (Becker, Quinney) versus normative

objectivism (Heckert-Heckert, Costello).

Norms: rules we learn that guide our behavior and thought in certain

situations. The enforcement

of norms is done through the threat of and implementation of rewards and

punishments by those who represent an organization or institution or the whole

society.

Cultural

Relativism:

not having absolute moral objectives or values that transcend culture. The

culture's changing social norms become the moral standard by which one's

actions are measured.

Social

Control: are organized methods for teaching and enforcing

conformity; the

enforcement of conformity by society upon its members either by law or by

social pressure.

Normative

objectivism:

of deviance and more precisely distinguishes positive deviance, along with

three other categories of deviance. Negative deviance, the traditional

focus of the sociology of deviance, refers to behaviors that involve under

conformity or nonconformity to norms and negative evaluations.

4) Explain the four main ways

deviance has been defined: absolutist approach, statistical approach,

normative/objectivist approach and reactivist/subjectivist approach.

Absolutist

Approach:

ethical view that particular actions are intrinsically right or wrong.

Normative/objectivist

approach;

Argues that social problems are harmful, ex/ poverty--poverty statistics

to see if its harmful

Reactivist/subjectivist

approach:

Reactivist: any action that produces a reaction

(violates a norm)

Subjectivist: The Subjectivist approach would be to

measure it based on the claims about poverty. When social problems are

defined by people's subjective understanding of what is or isn't a social

problem. Quality of a social condition, but rather the subjective

reactions to that condition, that make something a social problem.

5) Explain how society creates

deviance by defining the rules that become the basis for the labeling of

deviance.

Who

is branded as deviant, and what people decide to do about deviance all

have to do with the way a society is organized. Deviance, then, is viewed

as the result of unsuccessful socialization.

Boundaries

are not always clear cut, or fixed so that violations are consistent.

Changes

in society or the surrounding environment may cause society to define

certain behaviors that were not considered crimes to become crimes over

time.

6) Explain the role of ideology

in crime control and to argue convincingly on behalf of a conflict perspective

for interpreting crime in society.

Crime

control refers to the methods taken to reduce crime in society. The system

of ideas and ideals, which forms the basis of economic or theory and

policy against crime. Crime policy, lawmakers and those that explore

legislature and attitudes and positions on criminal justice policy issues.

Strict and swift punishment for crimes; in return, this strict adherence

benefits society by striking fear in criminals because they will be

harshly punished.

4) Explain the four main ways

deviance has been defined: absolutist approach, statistical approach,

normative/objectivist approach and reactivist/subjectivist approach.

Absolutist

Approach: ethical view that particular actions are intrinsically right or

wrong.

Normative/objectivist

approach; doing what is right because it is right.

Reactivist/subjectivist approach:

Subjectivist: When social problems are defined by people's subjective

understanding of what is or isn't a social problem. Quality of a social

condition, but rather the subjective reactions to that condition, that make

something a social problem.

5) Explain how society creates

deviance by defining the rules that become the basis for the labeling of

deviance.

Society decides what is acceptable and what is not, it is done

by rules, laws and community deciding what behavior is viewed as appropriate and

inappropriate.

6) Explain the role of ideology

in crime control and to argue convincingly on behalf of a conflict perspective

for interpreting crime in society.

Ideology of crime is constructed and diffused by the dominate

class to secure its hegemony. It is the idea of crime viewed by the dominant

class who incorporate laws, social views, crime and criminals. A conflict of

law may be loitering, where one sees another as being bothersome by just

hanging around their property, the person hanging around may feel it is their

right to go be anywhere for any amount of time.