CHEM331 M1 Study Questions

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1. What happens during the two phases of glycolysis?

2. How many ATPs are invested and at which steps? How many are recovered from each molecule of glucose that follows the glycolytic pathway?

3. Compare the oxidation states of glucose and pyruvate. Explain why glycolysis generates NADH.

4. Write the reactions of glycolysis, showing structural formulas of the intermediates and names of the enzymes catalyzing the reaction.

5. Summarize the types of catalytic mechanisms involved. Do any glycolytic enzymes require cofactors?

6. Explain the chemical logic of converting glucose to fructose before aldolase splits the sugar in two.

7. Why is TPI considered to be catalytically perfect?

8. How does phosphorylation differ between kinase-catalyzed reactions vs. the one catalyzed by GAPDH?

9. What compounds with high phosphate group-transfer potential are synthesized during glycolysis?

10. Explain the chemical logic of dehydrating 2PG before its phosphoryl group is transferred.

11. Explain how chemical coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions is used to generate ATP during glycolysis?

12. Which products of glycolysis are reduced molecules that the cell can oxidize to recover free energy?

13. What are the 3 possible fates of pyruvate?

14. Compare homolactic and alcoholic fermentation wrt products & confactors required.

15. What is the role of TPP in decarboxylation?

16. Which glycolytic enzymes are potential control points?

17. Describe the mechanisms that control PFK activity.

18. Why is ATP alone not an effective allosteric regulator of enzyme activity?

19. Describe how mannose, galactose and fructose enter the glycolytic pathway.

20. Which glycolytic enzymes overlap with this tributary pathways?