SCOPE: COLLECT REQUIREMENTS TECHNIQUES

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Reviewing

Historical Records

Historical records and lessons

learned can indicate what the requirements were on similar projects and help

identify relevant processes and expectations

Interviews

The

team or project manager interviews project stakeholder to elicit their requirements for a specific

element of the product

or project work, or for the overall project

Focus

Groups

A

specific set of stakeholders or subject matter experts share their

opinions and requirements for the product or an aspect of

the project

Facilitated

Workshops

Bring together stakeholders with

different perspectives to talk about the product and,

ultimately, arrive at consensus regarding the requirements

Brainstorming

One person mentions an idea, that

idea generates an idea fro another participant, which leads

to another idea, and so on

Nominal

Group Technique

Rank the most useful ideas

generated during the brainstorming session

Multi-criteria Decision Analysis

Stakeholders quantify

requirements using a decision matrix based on factors such as expected risk

levels, time estimates, and cost and benefit estimates

Mind

Maps

Diagram of ideas to help

generate, classify, or record information

Affinity

Diagrams

Ideas generated from other

requirements gathering techniques are sorted into groups by

similarities, then given a title

This sorting makes it easier to

see additional scope (or risks) That have not been identified

Questionnaires

and Surveys

Present

questions that help identify requirements for the respondents,

typically used for large groups

Observation

Watching a potential user of the

product at work (job shadowing) and, in some cases, participating in the work

to help identify requirements

Prototypes

Model

of the proposed product presented to stakeholders for feedback

Benchmarking

Measuring

an organization’s performance against that of other

organizations

in the same industry

Context

Diagrams

Used

to define and model scope, highlighting the product and its

interfaces

Group

Decision-Making Techniques

Making a decision in a group

setting about what the requirements are on a project may involve the following

techniques:

•Unanimity

•Dictatorship

•Majority

•Plurality

•Consensus

Delphi

Technique

A group-decision-making technique

in which a request for information is sent to experts who participate

anonymously, their responses are compiled, and the results are sent back to the

experts for further review until they reach agreement