C5.1 - created from Mind Map

Seite 1

Metals are important in all of your lives . for example in transport metals re used to make bicycles , cars , ships , trains and aeroplanes .

You can start putting the metals in order of reactivity by looking at their reactions with water . most metals do not react vigorously with water . Metals such as copper , which does not react with water , can be used to make water pipes . Alkali metals react vigorously , giving off hydrogen solutions and leaving alkaline solutions

Word equation - Magnesium + Copper (II) Sulfate --> Magnesium Sulfate + Copper

no reaction

These metals have to be extracted from their raw materials , ores . Ores are rocks from which it is economical to extract the metals that they contain .

Most metals in ores are chemically bonded to other elements in compounds . Mny of these elements have been oxidised (ie have oxygen added ) . For example : iron + oxygen--> iron (III) oxide 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) --> 2Fe2O3(s)

So to extract the metals from their oxides , th metal oxide must be reduced - have oxygen removed . to understand how this works the reactivity series must be used . the reactivity series is a list of metals in order of their reactivity , with the most reactive metals at the top and the least reactive ones at the bottom

The reactivity of metals go down increases as you go down group 1 : 1) potassium (most reactive) 2)sodium 3)lithium

Magnesium lies somewhere between lithium and copper in the reactivity series . If magnesium is left in a beaker of water , it takes several days to collect enough gas to light with a lighted spill . The resulting 'pop' shows that the gas is hydrogen

Metal + Acid --> Salt + Hydrogen

Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid --> Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen Mg + HCl --> MgCl + H2

Magnesium + Sulfuric acid --> Magnesium Sulfate + Hydrogen Mg + H2SO4 --> HMgS04 + H2

Balanced symbol equation - Mg(s) + CuS04(aq) --> MgS04(aq) +Cu(s)

Order of reactivity -------------------- Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Tin Lead Copper Silver Gold

Ionic equation - does not include the sulfate ions because they do not change in the reaction Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) --> Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s)

Reaction with water ------------------------------------------------ Fizz , giving off a hydrogen gas , leaving an alkaline soluiton of metal hydroxide

Reaction with dilute ------acid------

very slow reaction

Explode

Fizz , giving off hydrogen gas and forming a salt

no reaction

Slight reaction with steam

No reaction even with steam