How Files and Databases are used in Organization

Seite 1

Data Integrity

Data integrity reflects the quality of data

The more errors that are found, the lower the integrity becomes

Data Integrity affects the organization's ability to make decisions and take actions

Seite 2

Valuable Information

The information received by an organization is valuable

To be considered valuable the information must be accurate, verifiable, timely, organized, accessible, useful and cost-effective

Accurate:

Information is error-free

The inaccuracy of information can cause an organization to make detrimental decisions

Verifiable:

Verifiable information is information that can be proved to be correct or incorrect

Timely:

Information must be given in a timely manner

Data may have a specific time frame in which the information has to be used or acted upon

Organized:

Organized information is arranged to suit the need and requirements of the organization

Accessible:

Accessible information indicates that is available upon request to prevent delayed actions of decisions

Useful:

Information must be useful to the individual who receives it

The usefulness of information is dependant on the individual...

... Certain information will only be required by a specific set of individuals

Cost-Effective:

Information should provide more value to an organization than what it costs to produce to make if cost-effective

This can be determined by analysing the information an organization produce, comparing it to what revenue this information provides in return

Seite 3

Information Search

A search for information can be done by making a request or query for information to a central hub

Seite 4

Information Retrieval

An information System or Retrieval System is a network with a built-in user interface...

... facilitates the creation, searching and modification of stored data

A peer to peer network operated and maintained by private individuals

The largest ISRS in the world is the internet

IRIS's are generally made for public usage and less organized than a DBMS

Seite 5

Information Redundancies

Information redundancy is the duplication of data or information that is stored in multiple places

Files that have been used over long periods of time tend to have data redundancies

This can be prevented y updating and maintaining files

Seite 6

Data Mining

Data mining is sorting through data to identify patterns and establish relationships

Data mining techniques are used in many research areas, e.g mathematics, cybernetics, genetics and marketing

Data mining parameters include association, sequence/ path analysis, classification, clustering and forecasting

Association - looking for patterns where one event is connected to another event

Sequence - looking for patterns where one event leads to another later event

Classification - looking for new patterns. This can change how data is organized

Clustering - finding and visually documenting groups of facts not previously known

Forecasting - discovering patterns in data that can lead to reasonable predictions about the future {predictive analytics}

Seite 7

Data Mart

A data mart is a repository of data that is designed to serve a particular community edge workers

Used to meet the specific demands of a specific group of users within an organization

Data marts are subsets of the organization's data warehouse

A data mart starts with an analysis of the user needs

A virtual data mart provides knowledge workers with access to the data they need while preventing data silos

Seite 8

Data Warehouse

A data warehouse is a central repository for all of an organization's data

The design process starts with an analysis of what data already exists and how it can be collected and managed in such a way that it can be used later on

Tends to be strategic but an unfinished concept

Less tactical than a data mart

There are two approaches to data warehousing, top-down and bottom-up

Top-down - This approach spins off data marts for specific groups of users after the complete data warehouse has been created

Bottom-up - This approach builds the data marts first and then combines them into a single, all-encompassing data warehouse