Types of Materials - created from Mind Map

Seite 1

Ferrous materials

Non ferrous materials

Ceramics

Composite materials.

Polymers

Ferrous metals are iron and its alloys, soft or wrought iron, steel and cast iron. They are the most widely used due to their low cost of extraction and production.

Properties of Ferrous Metals

Which Metals Are Ferrous?

Durable, great tensile strength, usually magnetic, low resistance to corrosion, a silver-like colour, recyclable, good conductors of electricity.

Pure iron, soft iron, carbon steel, silicon steel, stainless steel, galvanized steel, Damascus steel, "Wootz" steel.

These are those that do not contain iron, so alloying metals, which are free of iron, are also considered non-ferrous.

Characteristics of non-ferrous materials

Examples of non-ferrous materials.

High corrosion resistance, easy to fabricate -machinability, casting, welding etc, great thermal conductivity, great electrical conductivity, low density (less mass), colourful, non-magnetic.

These are copper (and its alloys), aluminum, tin, lead, zinc, nickel, chromium, titanium and magnesium.

A ceramic is an inorganic non-metallic solid made up of either metal or non-metal compounds that have been shaped and then hardened by heating to high temperatures. In general, they are hard, corrosion-resistant and brittle.

What properties do ceramics have?

Examples of ceramic materials

High melting points (so they're heat resistant), great hardness and strength, considerable durability (they're long-lasting and hard-wearing), low electrical and thermal conductivity (they're good insulators), chemical inertness (they're unreactive with other chemicals).

Boron carbide (B4C), used in some helicopters and tank casings. Silicon carbide (SiC), used in microwave ovens, abrasives and as a refractory material. Magnesium diboride (MgB2), a non-conventional superconductor. Zinc oxide (Zn4O), a semiconductor.

A composite material is a combination of two materials with different physical and chemical properties. When they are combined they create a material which is specialised to do a certain job, for instance to become stronger, lighter or resistant to electricity. They can also improve strength and stiffness.

Characteristics of composite materials

Examples of composite materials

Types of composite materials

high strength; high modulus; low density; excellent resistance to fatigue, creep, creep rupture, corrosion, and wear; and low coefficient of ther- mal expansion (CTE).

Clay bricks, wood, fiberglass, translucent concrete, absorbent concrete, kevlar, carbon fiber, pykrete.

There are many types of composite materials such as carbon-reinforced fiber plastic, glass fiber–reinforced aluminium, composites with carbon nanotubes, and many more. Other types of composite include metal-matrix and ceramic-matrix composites. Composites have vast usage in engineering applications.

A polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules. A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.

Characteristics of polymers

Polymers can be very resistant to chemicals, can be thermal and electrical insulators and, in general, polymers are very light in weight with significant degrees of strength

Examples of polymers

Examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, Teflon, and epoxy. Natural polymers occur in nature and can be extracted. They are often water-based. Examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, DNA, cellulose and proteins.