DNA and the production of proteins

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every chromosome in the nucleus contains DNA

DNA is made up of two strands twisted around each other , called a double helix

each strand is made up of many repeating building blocks called nucleotides

each nucleotide is made up of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a base (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine)

each strand is held together by weak hydrogen bonds between the bases

the sugar and phosphate form the back bone of the double helix

the bases are linked in specific pairing or complementary pairings

adenine - thymine

cytosine - guanine

the sequence of bases is responsible for the types of proteins made in cells

reactions controlled by enzymes

enzymes are made of protein built p from units called amino acids

enzymes are biological catalysts

responsible for function, growth and development of cells and organisms

the sequence of bases determines the sequence of DNA

each triplet of bases is called a codon

Mrna is made up of one strand of DNA and Mrna carries the genetic info to the cytoplasm to make proteins

Mrna is single stranded and contains the base uracil instead of thymine

structure of DNA

DNA and protein