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Metals are extracted from ores using carbon or electrolysis

To extract metal, a chemical reaction needs to take place to separate out the metal

The metal is usually found as an oxide

Three important ores to remember are; Iron ore(Hematite F e 2 O 3), Aluminium ore(Bauxite A l 2 o 3), and Copper ore(Malachite C u C O 3)

Two common extraction methods are ; chemical reduction using carbon, and electrolysis

Metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series are extracted using electrolysis

Metals below carbon in the reactivity series are extracted using chemical reduction

This is because carbon can only reduce(take the oxygen away from) metals less reactive than itself.

Electrolysis sends electric charges through a solution to separate more reactive metals

Reduction using Hydrogen

Hydrogen --------> [-------------------------Lead Oxide-------------------------Copper Oxide-----------------]---------^

Magnesium Oxide

Copper- black-red

Lead-yellow-silvery grey

Magnesium-white-no change

Blast Furnace

Iron ore, coke and limestone in

Hot waste and gases out

1000*C

1500*C

1900*C

Blasts of hot air in

Molten slag out on top

Molten iron out on bottom

Reactions in the Blast Furnace

Carbon + Oxygen ---------> Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide + Carbon ---------> Carbon Monoxide

Iron Oxide + Carbon Monoxide ---------> iron + carbon dioxide

Limestone is used to remove sandy(acidic) impurities as molten slag

What Causes Rusting?

Rusting is caused by leaving metal in water

A chemical reaction takes place between iron, oxygen and water

Rust appears as a flaky, brownish-red substance that appears on top of unprotected metal that has come into contact with water

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