1118237
Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a general shape/structure of bacteria and microbes?
Antworten
-
Cocci (spherical)
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Bacilli (rod shaped)
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Sarcodina (circular)
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Spirochetes (helical)
Frage 2
Frage
Which of the following is a property of gram positive (G+) cell walls?
Antworten
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They have two layers.
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They have a thick peptidoglycan layer.
-
They have a periplasmic space.
-
The outer wall contains Lipid A.
Frage 3
Frage
Which of the following is true about gram negative (-) cell walls?
Antworten
-
They have a periplasmic space.
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They contain peptidoglycan.
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They only have 1 layer that is very thick.
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They contain teichoic acid.
Frage 4
Frage
How do bacteria attach to host cells?
Antworten
-
Microvilli
-
Sticky enzymes
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Pili
Frage 5
Frage
Which of the following can grow with or without oxygen?
Antworten
-
Obligate aerobes
-
Obligate anaerobes
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Facultative anaerobes
-
Facultative aerobes
Frage 6
Frage
Which of the following is true about toxins?
Antworten
-
There are 220 known bacterial toxins and they fall under two groups: exotoxins and endotoxins.
-
Toxins are poisonous substances produced by microorganisms.
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40% of toxins cause disease by damaging the Eukaryotic cell membrane.
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All of the above are true.
Frage 7
Frage
Which of the following exotoxins interefere with normal nerve impulses?
Antworten
-
Cytotoxins
-
Neurotoxins
-
Enterotoxins
Frage 8
Frage
Endotoxins are part of the outer cell wall of Gram (-) bacteria.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 9
Frage
Which of the following is true about bacteria cells?
Antworten
-
They are eukaryotic.
-
They contain sterols.
-
The produce endospores.
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They have glucans, mannans, and chitin in their cell wall.
Frage 10
Frage
Which of the following is true about fungi?
Antworten
-
They are insensitive to antibiotics.
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They are prokaryotic.
-
They have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
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They do not contain sterols.
Frage 11
Frage
Which of the following plasma membranes contains ergosterol?
Antworten
-
Human plasma membrane
-
Fungal plasma membrane
-
Bacterial plasma membrane
Frage 12
Frage
Which of the following is a mycelial form of dimorphic fungi?
Antworten
-
Parasitic form
-
Saprophytic form
-
Tissue form
Frage 13
Frage
Systemic fungal infectious agents are found in the skin, hair, and nails. They rarely invade deeper tissue. They are also called dermatophytes.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 14
Frage
Proteinaceous infectious particles are:
Antworten
-
prions
-
viruses
-
bacteria
-
parasite
Frage 15
Frage
Which of the following is FALSE about common virus structures?
Antworten
-
Contain a viral genome of RNA or DNA
-
Contain a capsid
-
Genome is double stranded or single stranded
-
All of the above are true.
Frage 16
Frage
In which cycle is the viral genome integrated into the host?
Antworten
-
Lytic cycle
-
Lysogenic cycle
-
Latent cycle
Frage 17
Frage
Which of the following pathways do retroviruses use?
Antworten
-
RNA --> DNA --> mRNA --> Protein
-
DNA --> mRNA --> Protein
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RNA --> mRNA --> Protein
Frage 18
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a type of parasite (main classifications)?
Antworten
-
Protozoan
-
Trophozoite
-
Helminthe
-
Exoparasite
Frage 19
Frage
Which of the following is the active, free swimming stage of the protozoan?
Antworten
-
Trophozoite
-
Cyst
-
Flagellate
Frage 20
Frage
Which of the following protozoans are incorrectly matched:
Antworten
-
Amoeba - sarccodina
-
Flagellates - mastigophora
-
Ciliates - trematodes
-
Sporozoans - apicomyplexa
Frage 21
Frage
Which of the following hleminthes is associated with eating raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with its larvae?
Antworten
-
Trematodes
-
Cestodes
-
Nematodes
Frage 22
Frage
Which of the following helminthes is associated with infection caused by ingestion of eggs shed in the feces of a human tapeworm carrier?
Antworten
-
Trematodes
-
Cestodes
-
Nematodes
Frage 23
Frage
Which of the following helminthes is associated with blood flukes that target organs that are fed by blood?
Antworten
-
Trematodes
-
Cestodes
-
Nematodes
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of an antimicrobial drug?
Antworten
-
Interruption of cell membrane structure/function
-
Inhibition of protein synthesis
-
Inhibition of nucleus formation
-
Interference with nucleic acid metabolism
Frage 25
Frage
What is virulence?
Antworten
-
The degree of pathogenicity
-
The relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease
-
How capsules, toxins, enzymes, cell wall receptors, and pilli allow pathogens to evade or overcome host defenses
-
All of the above.
Frage 26
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a static defense (non-inflammatory reaction) of the body?
Antworten
-
Skin
-
gastric pH
-
saliva
-
phagocytes
Frage 27
Frage
Which of the following is NOT true about the local inflammation response?
Antworten
-
It is the second stage of the innate system.
-
Phagocytes respond to peptidoglycan and mannose.
-
Migration of phagocytes and plasma proteins to infected tissues occurs.
-
Maturation of WBCs occurs.
Frage 28
Frage
Which of the following cells recognize antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and bind to the cell to destroy it?
Antworten
-
Cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells)
-
B cells
-
Helper T cells
-
All of the above.
Frage 29
Frage
MHC1 attached to CD8 cytotoxic T cells.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 30
Frage
Which of the following is true about B lymphocytes?
Antworten
-
They are formed in the thymus and undergo development in the bone marrow.
-
They are formed in the bone marrow and undergo development in the bone marrow.
-
They are formed in both the thymus and the bone marrow and undergo development in the blood.
Frage 31
Frage
Which of the following is NOT true about T lymphocytes?
Antworten
-
T-lymphocytes migrate from the thymus to enter the bone marrow.
-
In the outer cortex of the thymus, T lymphocytes acquire specific receptors (TCRs) which commits it to a single antigen specificity.
-
T lymphocytes respond by proliferation and production of a clone of cells (clonal selection).
-
T lymphocytes differentiate to express CD3, CD4 and CD8 receptors.
Frage 32
Frage
T lymphocytes can become which of the following:
Antworten
-
CD4+ (helper T cells)
-
CD8+ (killer T cells)
-
Cytotoxic cells
-
All of the above.
Frage 33
Frage
T lymphocytes can become which of the following:
Antworten
-
CD4+ (helper T cells)
-
CD8+ (killer T cells)
-
Cytotoxic cells
-
All of the above.
Frage 34
Frage
Which of the following does a B lymphocyte NOT do when encountering an appropriate antigen?
Antworten
-
Interact with antigenic epitopes.
-
Develop in plasma cells, secreting large amount of antibody.
-
Circulate as memory cells.
-
Hide antigenic peptides from T cells.
Frage 35
Frage
Which of the following immunoglobulin types works on parasites?
Antworten
-
IgA
-
IgM
-
IgG
-
IgE
Frage 36
Frage
Which of the following is true about innate immunity?
Antworten
-
Action requires days to develop.
-
Contains macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells, complements, HCl, lysozymes.
-
Response is specific.
-
Contains T cells and B cells.
Frage 37
Frage
Which of the following is true about the adaptive immunity response?
Antworten
-
It contains macrophages and granulocytes.
-
It is non specific.
-
It can be humeral or cell mediated.
-
Its action is immediate.
Frage 38
Frage
Which of the following is NOT true about naturally passive acquired immunity?
Antworten
-
It is a short term immunization.
-
It is not produced by the host.
-
The antibodies are passed through the placenta to the fetus.
Frage 39
Frage
Which of the following is an example of natural active acquired immunity?
Antworten
-
Vaccination with live or killed infectious agents.
-
Measles or mumps.
-
Short term immunization
-
Placenta to fetus
Frage 40
Frage
A small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier (like a protein) is:
Antworten
-
Immugen
-
Antigen
-
Pathogen
-
Hapten
Frage 41
Frage
Which of the following is not a main role of a complement?
Antworten
-
Lysis of cells.
-
Attracting white blood cells.
-
Quarantining pathogens.
-
Enhancement of phagocytosis.
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