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Ch 4 DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Beschreibung

Biochemistry
Amy Arce
Quiz von Amy Arce, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Amy Arce
Erstellt von Amy Arce vor mehr als 8 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
What is the correct order of the central dogma of gene expression?
Antworten
  • DNA--> Translation-->RNA--> Transcription-->Protein
  • DNA--> Transcription-->RNA-->Translation-->Protein
  • RNA-->Transcription-->DNA-->Translation-->Protein
  • RNA-->Translation-->DNA-->Transcription-->Protein

Frage 2

Frage
What are components of a nucleotide?
Antworten
  • Sugar
  • Nitrogen containing base
  • Phosphate
  • Carbon

Frage 3

Frage
RNA and DNA differ in the sugar component of one of the bases
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 4

Frage
What contains the sugar ribose?
Antworten
  • RNA
  • DNA
  • mRNA
  • tRNA

Frage 5

Frage
Purines are
Antworten
  • Adenine and Guanine
  • Adenine and Cytosine
  • Guanine and thymine
  • Cytosine and thymine

Frage 6

Frage
Pyrimidines are
Antworten
  • Adenine and guanine
  • Adenine and thymine
  • Cytosine and adenine
  • Cytosine and thymine

Frage 7

Frage
Nucleic acid sequences are written in what direction?
Antworten
  • One end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 3'carbon atom of the sugar and one end has a free hydroxyl attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar
  • One end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar and one end has a free hydroxyl attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar

Frage 8

Frage
A base bound to a sugar is called a [blank_start]nucleoside[blank_end]
Antworten
  • nucleoside

Frage 9

Frage
Nucleoside of DNA are
Antworten
  • Deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine
  • Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytosine, deoxyuracil

Frage 10

Frage
Deoxythymidine, rarely occurs in RNA, simply called thymidine
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 11

Frage
Nucleoside of RNA are
Antworten
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine
  • adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine
  • adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyuracil

Frage 12

Frage
A nucleotide is a nucleoside with only 1 phosphoryl group attached
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 13

Frage
Nucleotide [blank_start]triphosphates[blank_end] are the building blocks of [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] and [blank_start]RNA[blank_end]
Antworten
  • triphosphates
  • Adenosine
  • trisugars
  • DNA
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • RNA
  • mRNA
  • tRNA

Frage 14

Frage
DNA molecules are very long some consisting of more than [blank_start]1 billion[blank_end] nucleotides
Antworten
  • 1 billion

Frage 15

Frage
The double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Walls interactions
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 16

Frage
Adenine always forms hydrogen bonds with [blank_start]thymine[blank_end] while guanine forms hydrogen bonds with [blank_start]cytosine[blank_end]
Antworten
  • thymine
  • cytosine
  • cytosine
  • thymine

Frage 17

Frage
The helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between base pairs as well as hydrophobic interactions called
Antworten
  • stacking forces
  • semiconservative replication
  • Van der Walls interactions

Frage 18

Frage
Because of the base pair rules, the sequence of one strand determines the sequence of the partner strand
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 19

Frage
Because the two daughter helices have one parent strand one newly synthesized strand, the replication process is called
Antworten
  • Stacking forces
  • Semiconservative replication
  • Conservative replication
  • DNA polymerase

Frage 20

Frage
What are the key characteristics of DNA synthesis
Antworten
  • Four deoxynucleoside triphosphates and Mg2+ are required
  • A template strand is used to direct RNA synthesis
  • A primer from which the new strand grows must be absent
  • Many DNA polymerases have nuclease activity that allows for the removal of mismatched bases

Frage 21

Frage
Some viruses, such as tobacco mosaic virus, have [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] genomes that are replicated by [blank_start]RNA[blank_end]-directed [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] polymerases
Antworten
  • RNA
  • RNA
  • RNA

Frage 22

Frage
Retroviruses, such as HIV-1, have single-stranded RNA genomes that are converted into DNA double helices by the action of
Antworten
  • Transcriptase
  • Translation
  • Reverse transcriptase
  • Reverse translation

Frage 23

Frage
All cellular RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerases
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 24

Frage
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is called translation, a process catalyzed by RNA polymerase
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 25

Frage
RNA polymerase has the following requirements
Antworten
  • Template
  • The sequence of the newly-synthesized RNA is complementary to the DNA template
  • coding strand
  • Activated precursors in the form of the 4 ribonucleoside
  • Divalent metal ions
  • Base pair

Frage 26

Frage
RNA polymerase initiates and elongates the RNA product, with the chain growing in the [blank_start]5'[blank_end] to [blank_start]3'[blank_end] direction
Antworten
  • 5'
  • 3'

Frage 27

Frage
Several kinds of RNA play a role in gene expression, what are three most abundant classes of RNA
Antworten
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Messenger RNA
  • Transfer RNA
  • Translate RNA

Frage 28

Frage
RNA polymerases take instructions from DNA templates
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
Transcription begins near the [blank_start]promoter[blank_end] sites and ends at [blank_start]terminator[blank_end] sites
Antworten
  • promoter
  • terminator

Frage 30

Frage
Promoters are
Antworten
  • Specific DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the proper initiation site
  • Specific RNA sequences that direct DNA polymerase to the proper initiation site
  • Specific DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the proper terminator site
  • Specific RNA sequences that direct DNA polymerase to the proper terminator site

Frage 31

Frage
The average of variation in the sequence of a promoter for different genes is called [blank_start]consensus[blank_end] sequence
Antworten
  • consensus

Frage 32

Frage
The RNA complement of the DNA stop signal forms a hairpin structure, followed by several thymine residues
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 33

Frage
What is required for transcription termination
Antworten
  • Protein rho
  • Protein thy
  • Protein gly
  • Protein leu

Frage 34

Frage
In eukaryotes,
Antworten
  • The 3' end of mRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 5' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 5' end of mRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 3' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 5' end of tRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 3' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 3' end of tRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 5' end acquires a poly(A)tail

Frage 35

Frage
Transfer RNA molecules react with
Antworten
  • specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
  • one amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
  • specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-mRNA synthetases
  • Specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-rRNA synthetases

Frage 36

Frage
Transfer RNA molecules also contain a template recognition site, called
Antworten
  • the anticodon
  • the codon
  • the initiator
  • the terminator

Frage 37

Frage
Anticodon consist of
Antworten
  • 2 bases
  • 3 bases
  • complementary 3 base sequence in the rRNA
  • complementary 3 base sequence in the mRNA

Frage 38

Frage
Protein synthesis is the process of translation
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 39

Frage
Characteristics of the genetic code are
Antworten
  • three nucleotides, called a codon
  • code is overlapping
  • code is nonoverlapping
  • code has punctuation
  • code has no punctuation
  • Code is read from 5' end of the mRNA to the 3' end
  • code is degenerate in that some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon

Frage 40

Frage
Degeneracy
Antworten
  • amino acids encoded by 1 codon
  • amino acids encoded by more than 1 codon
  • minimizes deleterious effects of mutations
  • maximizes deleterious effects of mutations

Frage 41

Frage
Messenger RNA is translated on ribosomes
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

Frage
The genetic code is nearly universal
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 43

Frage
Eukaryotic genes are discontinuous
Antworten
  • with coding regions called exons, interrupted by noncoding regions called introns
  • with noncoding regions called introns, interrupted by coding regions called exons
  • with coding regions called introns, interrupted by noncoding regions called exons
  • with interrupted regions called exons, coding regions called introns

Frage 44

Frage
Many exons encode
Antworten
  • protein domains
  • amino acids
  • rRNA

Frage 45

Frage
Introns almost always begin with GU and end with an AG
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

Frage
The gene for the β- chain of human hemoglobin has [blank_start]3[blank_end] exons and [blank_start]2[blank_end] introns
Antworten
  • 3
  • 2

Frage 47

Frage
RNA processing generates mature RNA
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 48

Frage
[blank_start]Pre-messeneger[blank_end] RNA contains exons and introns
Antworten
  • Pre-messeneger
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • rRNA
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