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Chapter 2

Beschreibung

Learning an Memory Psych
melikewela
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

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The study of the brain and rest of the nervous system
Antworten
  • experimental psychology
  • learning
  • psychology
  • neuroscience

Frage 2

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organ system devoted to the distribution and processing of information
Antworten
  • central nervous system
  • nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system
  • brain

Frage 3

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collects incoming info from sensory organs of the system and from the rest of the body and process that info and coordinates the body's response
Antworten
  • synapse
  • dendrites
  • receptors
  • neurons

Frage 4

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what are the two parts of the nervous system
Antworten
  • presynaptic
  • postsynaptic
  • central nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system

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This is made up of the brain and spinal cord
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  • central nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system

Frage 6

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learning and memory takes place here
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  • central nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system

Frage 7

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This consists of nerve fibers that carry info from sensory receptors into the central nervous system and back out to muscle organs
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  • axon
  • neurons
  • peripheral nervous system
  • neurotransmitters

Frage 8

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Name region 1
Image:
brain (image/png)
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 9

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name region 2
Image:
brain (image/png)
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe

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name region 3
Image:
brain (image/png)
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 11

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name region 4
Image:
brain (image/png)
Antworten
  • cerebellum
  • occipital lobe
  • brainstem
  • temporal lobe

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name region 5
Antworten
  • cerebellum
  • occipital lobe
  • brainstem
  • temporal lobe

Frage 13

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name region 6
Image:
brain (image/png)
Antworten
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • cerebellum
  • occipital lobe

Frage 14

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front of the head
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe

Frage 15

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peak/ top of the head
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  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe

Frage 16

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side of the head
Antworten
  • occipital lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 17

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back of the head
Antworten
  • occipital lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 18

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back of the head
Antworten
  • occipital lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 19

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brain region that plans and performs actions
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 20

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sees and recognizes the world
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 21

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feels difference intextures
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  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 22

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hears and remembers
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe

Frage 23

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contributes to coordination of movement and learning that involve PHYSICAL action
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • cerebellum
  • brainstem
  • parietal lobe

Frage 24

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collection of structures connecting brain to spinal cord. regulates AUTOMATIC FUNCTIONS e.g. breathing and body temperature
Antworten
  • frontal lobe
  • cerebellum
  • brainstem
  • parietal lobe

Frage 25

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3 main components of a neuron
Antworten
  • glia
  • dendrite
  • stellate cell
  • cell body/soma
  • axon

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the input areas that receives signals from other neurons
Antworten
  • glia
  • dendrites
  • cell body/soma
  • axon

Frage 27

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integrates signals from dendrites
Antworten
  • receptors
  • cell body/ soma
  • axon
  • glia

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transmits info to other neurons
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  • synapse
  • neurotransmitter
  • receptors
  • axon

Frage 29

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cells that provide functional and structural support to neurons.
Antworten
  • glia
  • dendrites
  • cell body/ soma
  • axon

Frage 30

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Glia out number the amount of neurons, just as important for brain and CNS function
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

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carefully measuring the size/ shape of many skulls and comparing those measurements with a person's personality/ ability
Antworten
  • structural neuroimaging
  • neurophysiology
  • phrenology

Frage 32

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Bumps on the skull implies bulges in the brain (phrenology)
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  • True
  • False

Frage 33

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modern way of capturing pictures of anatomical structures within the brain. BRAIN IMAGING/ SCANNING. Shows size and shape and brain lesions
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  • structural neuroimaging
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Computer tomography (CT SCAN)
  • Functional neuroimaging

Frage 34

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Brain lesions areas of damage in the brain caused by injury or lesions
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  • True
  • False

Frage 35

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Today, the use of CT for structural brain imaging has largely been supplanted/ replaced by MRI
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 36

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a method of STRUCTURAL NEUROIMAGING, that produces scan that are created from multiple x-ray images. Image looks like slices (3D). Shows abnormality better for tumor or bones but still flaw for brain.
Antworten
  • Computer tomography (CT scan)
  • Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
  • Functional MRI (fMRI)

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critical for analyzing/ interpreting changes in the brains function that occur with learning
Antworten
  • Structural neuroimaging
  • Functional neuroimaging

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Provides a way to track changes in physical properties over time
Antworten
  • structural neuroimaging
  • Functional neuroimaging

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Changes in the magnetic field generate images of internal structure (employs a giant magnet), Giant tube
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  • computer tomography (CT Scan)
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Functional MRI (fMRI)
  • Electroencephalography (EEG)

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A new type of MRI that measures the diffusion of WATER in brain tissue, permitting bundles of axon throughot the brain (white matter) to be imaged
Antworten
  • Functional MRI (fMRI)
  • single-cell recording
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
  • Computer tomography (CT scan)

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Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is better than MRI at visualization of fiber tracts
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

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shows what brain is physically like
Antworten
  • structural neuroimaging
  • functional neuroimaging

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shows what brain is ACTUALLY DOING
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  • structural neuroimaging
  • functional neuroimaging

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Both structural and functional neuroimaging reveal changes associated with learning
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 45

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Involuntary/ automatic hardwired response to an organism.Present in all species and does NOT need to be learned e.g. salivation, palmar grasp, sucking
Antworten
  • habituation
  • mere exposure learning
  • reflex
  • engram

Frage 46

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Communicating neurons are separated by a narrow gap (about 20 nm) called ____________, across which the neurons pass chemical messages
Antworten
  • synapse
  • axon
  • presynaptic
  • postsynaptic

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Most synapse are formed between the axon of the _______ (sending) neuron and a dendrite of the ______ (receiving) neuron
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  • postsynaptic, presynaptic
  • dendrite, receptor
  • presynaptic, postsynaptic
  • receptor, dendrite

Frage 48

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Neurons contain molecules called _____________, these are chemical substances that can cross a synapse to carry a msg to a postsynaptic neuron
Antworten
  • receptors
  • neurotransmitters
  • synapse
  • glia

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located at the end of a PREsynaptic axon, in pockets known as vesicles
Antworten
  • receptors
  • neurons
  • neurotransmitter
  • synapse

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A neurotransmitter that acts to modulate activity in a large number of neurons rather than a single synapse. located in the brainstem
Antworten
  • neuron
  • glutamate
  • neuromodulators
  • vesicles

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Branch of psychology that deals with the relation between BRAIN FUNCTION and BEHAVIOR, usually by examining the functioning of patients with specific types of brain damage
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  • neuroscience
  • experimental psychology
  • neurophysiology
  • neuropsychology

Frage 52

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what is the supposed physical change in the brain that forms the basis of memory (Lashley)
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  • Theory of equipotential
  • Engram
  • phrenology
  • long-term potentiation

Frage 53

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this suggests that memories are not stored in one area of the rain, brain operates as a whole to store memories
Antworten
  • Theory of equipotential
  • engram
  • phrenology
  • long term potentiation

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Phrenology is correct about different brain areas have different specializations
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 55

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Lashley is correct about engram are not localized to one area of the brain
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  • True
  • False

Frage 56

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allows you to look at brain ACTIVITY ( what its doing) , by tracking local changes in BLOOD FLOW and examine how that flow changes depending on what that person is doing/thinking . Get baseline--> then scan brain when person is doing a task
Antworten
  • positron emission tomography (PET scan)
  • Diffusion Tensor Imagining (DTI)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imagine (MRI)
  • Functional Neuroimaging

Frage 57

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In Functional neuroimaging, when the brain is active it requires more oxygen...how many second does it take for blood flow (and its cargo of oxygen) to increase in that region
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  • 2-4 seconds
  • 4-6 seconds
  • 6-8 seconds

Frage 58

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this shows how the activity at EACH POINT IN THE IMAGE has increased/ decreased in task condition compared with baseline image. red/ white/ yellow = increase blue/ green= decrease uncolored= no change
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  • diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
  • difference imaging
  • functional neuroimaging
  • Functional MRI

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___________ measures brain activity by detecting RADIATION from EMISSIONS of subatomic particles called _______, associated with brains use of ________ from the blood
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  • long term potentiation, event-related potentials, oxygen
  • Positron emission tomography (PET), positrons, glucose
  • Positron emission tomography (PET), glucose, positrons
  • Positron emission tomography (PET), positrons, neuromodulators

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This uses MRI at baseline. Compares a MRI an MRI of the brain during performance of a task WITH a MRI of the brain at rest
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  • Functional MRI (fMRI)
  • Functional Neuroimaging
  • Structural neuroimaging
  • Computed tomography (CT SCAN)

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Functional neuroimaging uses DIRECT measure
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  • True
  • False

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Functional neuroimaging only uses INDIRECT measures (measure glucose, bloodoxygen) not the actual activity of the neurons
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  • True
  • False

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Functional neuroimagining is fast
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  • True
  • False

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functional neuroimaging emphasize association between brain region and function
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  • True
  • False

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A technique for measuring electrical activity in brain, uses recording electrodes. It records changes in changes in electrical activity.
Antworten
  • EEG
  • PET
  • ERP
  • CT Scan

Frage 66

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A technique for measuring electrical activity in brain, uses recording electrodes. It records changes in changes in electrical activity.
Antworten
  • EEG
  • PET
  • ERP
  • CT Scan

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EEG is cheaper than fMRI and PET Scan because there is no big scanner or dyes
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  • True
  • False

Frage 68

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EEG can detect rapid changes in the brain with more precision (in temporal BUT lacks in SPATIAL)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

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Electrodes are placed on the scalp to measure combined tiny electrical charges of large number of neurons in the brain
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  • Electroencephalography (EEG)
  • Event related potentials (ERP)
  • Single-cell recording

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EEG from a single individual averaged over multiple repetitions of an event (such as repeated stimulus presentation)
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  • Single-cell recording
  • Event-related potential (ERP)
  • difference image

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the study of ACTIVITY and FUNCTION of neurons
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  • Neurophysiology
  • neuropsychology
  • neuroscience
  • experimental psychology

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The main technique scientist use to measure FIRING PATTERNS in individual NEURONS
Antworten
  • EEG
  • fMRI
  • Single cell recording
  • Event-related potentials

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In this technique electrodes shaped as THIN NEEDLES are used that penetrate brain tissue with minimum damage
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  • Single-cell recording
  • EEG
  • ERP
  • fMRI

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chemical substances that alter the biochemical functioning of the body
Antworten
  • neuromodulators
  • glucose
  • drugs
  • positron

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drugs that work on the brain generally alter the SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
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  • True
  • False

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how many processors can drugs affect
Antworten
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

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Drugs can increase/decrease ability of the PREsynaptic neuron to produce/release NEUROTRANSMITTERS e.g amphetamines increase dopamine
Antworten
  • True
  • False

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Drugs can increase/ decrease POSTsynaptic RECEPTORS to RECEIVEvchemical messages e.g. heroin/ morphine similar to neurotransmitter endogenous opiods that casue intense feeling of pleasure
Antworten
  • True
  • False

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Drugs can alter the mechanisms for CLEARING neurotransmitter molecules out of the SYNAPSE e.g. SSRI reduce rate the serontonin is cleared fro synapse
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  • True
  • False

Frage 80

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The ability of the synapse to change as a result of EXPERIENCE
Antworten
  • Theory of equipotentialality
  • synaptic plasticity
  • Long-term potentiation (LTP)
  • Long-term Depression (LTD)

Frage 81

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This effect, in which SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION becomes MORE effective as a result of recent activity
Antworten
  • Theory of equipotentiality
  • synaptic plasticity
  • long-term potentiation (LTP)
  • long-term depression (LTD)
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