680069
Frage 1
Frage
What is the system made of of cells and biochemicals inside of specialized lymphatic vessels?
Antworten
-
cardiac system
-
respiratory system
-
lymphatic system
-
integumentary system
Frage 2
Frage
The lymphatic system
Antworten
-
transports excess fluid away from interstitial spaces
-
functions to defend the body against pathogens
-
clears sinus cavities
-
A & B
Frage 3
Frage
Lymphatic capillaries
Antworten
-
have a similar structure to blood capillaries
-
have closed ends
-
extends into interstitial spaces
-
contains fluid inside the capillaries known as lymph
-
all of the above
Frage 4
Frage
Lymphatic vessels are ________ than veins
Antworten
-
thinner
-
thicker
Frage 5
Frage
Lymphatic vessels also have _________ ______ to prevent back flow
Antworten
-
pulmonary valve
-
bicuspid valves
-
tricuspid valves
-
semilunar valves
Frage 6
Frage
Lymphatic veins lead to
Antworten
-
heart
-
lungs
-
lymph nodes
-
brain
Frage 7
Frage
After lymphatic vessels leave the lymph nodes, they go to ________ ________
Antworten
-
carotid artery
-
lymphatic trunks
-
pancreatic duct
-
medulla oblangata
Frage 8
Frage
Lymphatic trunks are named for
Antworten
-
the area they drain
-
where they are located in the body
-
where they are most prominent
Frage 9
Frage
Lymphatic ducts drain into two collecting ducts known as
Antworten
-
inferior and superior lymphatic ducts
-
major and minor lymphatic ducts
-
thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
-
right and left lymphatic ducts
Frage 10
Frage
The thoracic duct is ____________ and ___________ than the right lymphatic duct
Antworten
-
shorter and smaller
-
larger and longer
-
narrower and longer
-
thicker and smaller
Frage 11
Frage
The thoracic duct drains
Antworten
-
lower body regions, left upper limb, left side of the head and neck
-
right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
-
right side of body
-
left side of body
Frage 12
Frage
The right lymphatic duct drains
Antworten
-
the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
-
lower body regions, left upper limb, left side of head and neck
-
right side of body
-
left side of body
Frage 13
Frage
Lymph is a ___________ __________ that has entered a lymphatic capillary
Antworten
-
plasma membrane
-
interstitial fluid
-
tissue fluid
-
mucous membrane
Frage 14
Frage
__________ ________ forms when water and small molecules are pushed from the plasma in blood capillaries
Antworten
-
lymphatic fluid
-
tissue fluid
-
interstitial fluid
-
plasma membranes
Frage 15
Frage
Tissue fluid is the same _____________ as plasma, just without the plasma proteins
Antworten
-
viscosity
-
thickness
-
composition
-
weight
Frage 16
Frage
What causes the reabsorption of most of the tissue fluid back into blood capillaries?
Antworten
-
Osmosis
-
Diffusion
-
Filtration
-
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Frage 17
Frage
What is the substance that does not get reabsorbed into blood capillaries?
Antworten
-
tissue fluid
-
interstitial fluid
-
plasma proteins
-
white blood cells
Frage 18
Frage
The increase in what caused by increasing tissue fluid pushes the fluid into the lymphatic capillaries?
Antworten
-
colloid osmotic pressure
-
hyrdostatic pressure
-
osmosis
-
diffusion
Frage 19
Frage
Consequently, the increase in hydrostatic pressure caused by increasing tissue fluid into the lymphatic capillaries produces?
Antworten
-
plasma
-
mucous
-
lymph
-
erythrocytes
Frage 20
Frage
Lymph formation from tissue fluid prevents _________ (aka edema)?
Antworten
-
accumulation
-
clotting
-
gas exchange
-
all of the above
Frage 21
Frage
Lymph function includes
Antworten
-
absorption of dietary fat
-
returns small proteins filtered in blood capillaries back to the blood
-
transports foreign particles (bacteria and viruses) to lymph nodes
-
all of the above
Frage 22
Frage
Lymphatic capillaries have a flap-like valve that opens when pressure outside is greater than pressure inside and closes during the opposite. What is responsible for this?
Antworten
-
holes in capillaries
-
epithelial cells overlapping (but not attached to one another)
-
slits in capillaries
Frage 23
Frage
The epithelial cells of the lymphatic capillaries are attached to connective tissue through filaments. This helps maintain
Antworten
-
rigidity
-
elasticity
-
lumen of capillary
-
plasma membrane
Frage 24
Frage
Lymph vessels work by
Antworten
-
muscle activity that causes the bulk to flow
-
pressure changes in the abdominal and thoracic cavity
-
contraction of lymphatic walls in larger vessels
-
all of the above
Frage 25
Frage
Lymph flow is greatest during:
Antworten
-
rest
-
heightened emotions
-
physical exercise
-
infection
Frage 26
Frage
Lymph nodes include
Antworten
-
lymphatic vessels
-
hilum, afferent and efferent vessels
-
none of the above
-
all of the above
Frage 27
Frage
What is responsible for extending into the node and dividing the node into compartments
Antworten
-
hilum
-
afferent vessels
-
efferent vessels
-
capsule of connective tissue
Frage 28
Frage
Lymph ________ flow where lymph can flow
Antworten
-
sinuses
-
capillaries
-
vessels
-
tissue fluid
Frage 29
Frage
__________ ________ are the functional units of the node
Antworten
-
lymphatic capillaries
-
lymphatic nodules
-
lymphatic vessels
-
afferent vessels
Frage 30
Frage
What is found in groups or chains along the paths of large lymph vessels?
Antworten
-
lymphatic tissue
-
tissue fluid
-
interstitial fluid
-
lymph nodes
Frage 31
Frage
Places for _____ _____ includes the cervical region, axillary region, supratroclear region, inguinal region, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, and thoracic cavity.
Antworten
-
lymphatic vessels
-
lymphatic capillaries
-
tissue fluid
-
lymph nodes
Frage 32
Frage
The two primary functions of lymph nodes are:
Antworten
-
filter potentially harmful particles and monitor body fluids
-
drain infectious agents and maintain body temperature
-
maintain homeostasis and regulate hormones
-
none of these
Frage 33
Frage
Lymph nodes are the site of _________ production
Antworten
-
macrophage
-
lymphocyte
-
erythrocyte
-
leukocyte
Frage 34
Frage
What "lives" in lymph nodes and engulfs and destroys foreign substances, damaged cells, and cellular debris
Antworten
-
lymphocyte
-
leukocyte
-
macrophage
-
erythrocyte
Frage 35
Frage
What lymphatic organ shrinks in size after puberty?
Antworten
-
thymus
-
spleen
-
liver
-
kidney
Frage 36
Frage
In the thymus, what is replaces lymphatic tissue as one becomes elderly?
Antworten
-
adipose and elastic tissues
-
elastic and connective tissues
-
adipose and connective tissues
-
fibrous and connective tissues
Frage 37
Frage
The thymus houses _______ that develop into bone marrow. These are __________ and _________.
Antworten
-
thymocytes; lymphocytes and thymosins
-
leukocytes; thymocytes and thymosins
-
thymocytes; lymphocytes and leukocytes
-
lymphocytes ; thymocytes and thymosins
Frage 38
Frage
The ______ is the largest lymphatic organ
Antworten
-
thymus
-
spleen
-
liver
-
kidney
Frage 39
Frage
The spleen resembles a lymph node, as it contains _____ and _____
Antworten
-
afferent and efferent vessels
-
hilum and lobules
-
macrophages and lymphocytes
-
lymphatic vessels and capillaries
Frage 40
Frage
Spaces in the spleen are filled with ______ as opposed to _______
Antworten
-
blood; lymph
-
mucous; blood
-
lymph; blood
-
blood; mucous
Frage 41
Frage
The two types of tissue in the lobules are
Antworten
-
Red pulp and white pulp
-
green pulp and yellow pulp
-
blue pulp and red pulp
-
yellow pulp and red pulp
Frage 42
Frage
White pulp of the spleen looks like ______ and contains _______
Antworten
-
rods; macrophages
-
rectangles; leukocytes
-
islands; lymphocytes
-
squares; thymocytes
Frage 43
Frage
Red pulp of the spleen fills the remaining spaces of the lobules and is filled with ____________, __________, ___________
Antworten
-
red blood cells, white blood cells, macrophages
-
red blood cells, lymphocytes, macrophages
-
lymphocytes, macrophages, thymosins
-
macrophages, thymosins, thymocytes
Frage 44
Frage
Blood capillaries in red pulp are ________, and ____________ may pass through.
Antworten
-
impermeable; nothing
-
permeable; white blood cells
-
permeable; red blood cells
-
permeable; lymph
Frage 45
Frage
____________ and _____________ of the spleen work to keep the blood clean of particles, bacteria, and viruses.
Antworten
-
red pulp and white pulp
-
thymosins and thymocytes
-
macrophages and lymphocytes
-
B-cells and T-cells
Frage 46
Frage
Essentially the spleen is responsible for:
Antworten
-
lymph node regulation
-
filtration and monitoring of the blood
-
homeostasis
-
movement
Frage 47
Frage
The human body must defend against bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. In order to do this, the body must
Antworten
-
prevent entry
-
destroy pathogens after they enter the body
-
create acid to kill organisms
-
A and B
Frage 48
Frage
The two types of responses for destroying pathogens are
Antworten
-
fast and slow
-
high and low risk
-
innate and adaptive
-
common and uncommon
Frage 49
Frage
______ are responses that act the same way for every pathogen.
Antworten
-
innate (nonspecific)
-
adaptive (specific)
-
immediate
-
gradual
Frage 50
Frage
________ are responses that act a particular way for a specific pathogen
Antworten
-
innate (non-specific)
-
adaptive (specific)
-
immediate
-
gradual
Frage 51
Frage
Species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever are examples of
Antworten
-
innate response
-
adaptive response
-
immediate response
-
gradual response
Frage 52
Frage
Specialized lymphocytes recognizing non-self antigens, B-cells, and T-cells are examples of
Antworten
-
innate defense
-
adaptive defense
-
immediate defense
-
gradual defense
Frage 53
Frage
As far as innate defenses, one species is not affected by the disease of another because the cells of the unaffected species have:
Antworten
-
too many receptors for the pathogen
-
non-compatibility
-
no receptors for pathogen, incorrect temperature or chemical environment
-
none of the above
Frage 54
Frage
Skin, mucous membranes of respiratory tract, tears, sweat, urine, and saliva make up the "________________" and are _______ _________.
Antworten
-
second line of defense; adaptive defenses
-
first line of defense; innate responses
-
mechanisms of defense; superficial defenders
Frage 55
Frage
Enzymatic, accumulation of salt from perspiration, and interferons are also part of _________ _________, are known as chemical barriers (or the ___________________).
Antworten
-
adaptive defense; second line defenses
-
innate defense; first line defense
-
innate defense; second line defense
Frage 56
Frage
___________ are hormone like peptides released by lymphocytes and fibroblasts in response to viral infections. They stimulate cells to synthesize proteins that block the replication of a variety of viruses and stimulate phagocytosis.
Antworten
-
Enzymatic
-
phagocytes
-
macrophages
-
interferons
Frage 57
Frage
The ________ ______ is a group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that react with pathogens and begin a biochemical cascade.
Antworten
-
Complement System
-
Enzymatic proteins
-
Interferon groups
-
plasma clots
Frage 58
Frage
The ________ ______ is a group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that react with pathogens and begin a biochemical cascade.
Antworten
-
Complement System
-
Enzymatic proteins
-
Interferon groups
-
plasma clots
Frage 59
Frage
Complement contains to pathways known as
Antworten
-
main and side pathways
-
enzymatic and interferon pathways
-
classical and alternative pathways
-
superior and inferior pathways
Frage 60
Frage
Complement activation stimulates
Antworten
-
inflammation
-
attracts phagocytes
-
enhances phagocytosis
-
all of the above
Frage 61
Frage
The pathway that causes protein to bind to the antibody attached to the specific antigen is
Antworten
-
enzymatic pathway
-
alternative pathway
-
classical pathway
-
superior pathway
Frage 62
Frage
This pathways occurs in the absence of antibodies in response to foreign antigens - binding does not have to happen
Antworten
-
classical pathway
-
interferon pathway
-
alternative pathway
-
enzymatic pathway
Frage 63
Frage
Natural killer cells derive from a small population of
Antworten
-
macrophages
-
lymphocytes
-
interferons
-
complements
Frage 64
Frage
The lymphocytes in natural killer cells are different than the lymphocytes that provide
Antworten
-
innate immunity
-
adaptive immunity
-
complements
Frage 65
Frage
Natural killer cells secrete ______ that destroys the cell membrane of infective cells
Antworten
-
enzymes
-
lymph
-
perforins
-
serum
Frage 66
Frage
Natural killer cells secrete chemicals that increase ____________
Antworten
-
temperature
-
blood flow
-
heart rate
-
inflammation
Frage 67
Frage
Histamine released localized redness, swelling, heat, and pain can be defined as
Antworten
-
infection
-
injury
-
inflammation
-
disease
Frage 68
Frage
What accumulates at the site of inflammation?
Antworten
-
red blood cells
-
white blood cells
-
lymph
-
plasma
Frage 69
Frage
What is responsible for "walling off" the inflamed area?
Antworten
-
fibroblasts
-
tissue fluids
-
white blood cells
-
lymph
Frage 70
Frage
Fibroblasts "wall off" inflammation to
Antworten
-
maintain blood flow
-
phagocytize pathogen
-
isolate the pathogen
-
all of the above
Frage 71
Frage
What removes foreign particles from lymph?
Antworten
-
inflammation
-
fever
-
phagocytosis
-
natural killer cells
Frage 72
Frage
fibrinogen turns into fibrin, which starts the ___________ process
Antworten
-
inflammatory
-
clotting
-
phagocytosis
-
enzymatic
Frage 73
Frage
Fever causes the liver to hold onto ________, which in turn starves the pathogen - especially in __________.
Antworten
-
sodium; viruses
-
iron; bacteria
-
calcium; pathogens
-
phosphate; viruses
Frage 74
Frage
Viral/bacterial infections stimulate lymphocytes to proliferate and produce ________, which is responsible for a fever.
Antworten
-
interleukin 1
-
interleukin 2
-
phagocytosis
-
inflammation
Frage 75
Frage
Fever causes __________ cells to attack pathogens more rigorously.
Antworten
-
natural killer
-
phagocytic
-
enzymatic
-
inflammatory
Frage 76
Frage
Adaptive immunity is the ____ line of defense.
Antworten
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
Frage 77
Frage
The resistance to specific pathogens or their toxins/metabolic products is known as
Antworten
-
susceptibility
-
immunity
-
resistance
-
none of the above
Frage 78
Frage
_________ allow the body to recognize it's "self" v "non-self"
Antworten
-
pathogens
-
white blood cells
-
lymphocytes
-
antigens
Frage 79
Frage
Anything that illicits an immune response, but is NOT an pathogen itself is known as
Antworten
-
antibody
-
antigen
-
leukocyte
-
lymphatic cell
Frage 80
Frage
Proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids can all be
Antworten
-
pathogens
-
antigens
-
antibodies
-
enzymes
Frage 81
Frage
_____________ and _________ recognize "self" v "non-self" antigens and carry out the adaptive immune response
Antworten
-
antigens and pathogens
-
leukocytes and red blood cells
-
lymphocytes and macrophages
-
B and T cells
Frage 82
Frage
Lymphocytes originate in
Antworten
-
red bone marrow
-
lymph nodes
-
medulla oblongata
-
spleen
Frage 83
Frage
About half of lymphocytes reach the thymus, where they become
Antworten
-
macrophages
-
thymoisins
-
thymocytes
-
natural killer cells
Frage 84
Frage
Thymocytes different into _____ cells and make up 70-80% of circulating lymphocytes
Antworten
-
B
-
T
-
C
-
D
Frage 85
Frage
____ cells are found in lymph nodes, thoracic duct, and white pulp of the spleen
Antworten
-
T
-
B
-
D
-
E
Frage 86
Frage
The lymphocytes that remain in the red bone marrow differentiate into __ lymphocytes (or cells)
Antworten
-
T
-
B
-
D
-
E
Frage 87
Frage
__ cells are found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and intestinal lining, and make up 20-30% of circulating lymphocytes
Antworten
-
T
-
B
-
C
-
D
Frage 88
Frage
B and T cells originate from a single cell forming a _____ of cells
Antworten
-
division
-
clone
-
separation
Frage 89
Frage
Members of a variety of B or T cells share _________ receptors that only respond to a specific antigen
Antworten
-
chemical
-
temperature
-
pathogen
-
antigen
Frage 90
Frage
___ cells must be activated before it can respond to an antigen because they interact directly with infected cells
Antworten
-
B
-
T
-
C
-
D
Frage 91
Frage
The activation of T cells must occur via an _________ -__________ cell. These include: macrophages, B-cells, and several others
Antworten
-
pathogen-activating
-
antigen-activating
-
clotting-activating
-
plasma-activating
Frage 92
Frage
Macrophage engulfs cell, lysosome digests bacteria, bacterial antigens leave lysosome and move to the surface of a macrophage are all results of
Antworten
-
B cell activation
-
D cell activation
-
natural killer cells
-
T cell activation
Frage 93
Frage
____ cell activation is displayed near major histacompatability complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)
Antworten
-
B
-
C
-
T
-
D
Frage 94
Frage
What is it called when activated T cells can interact directly with the antigen presenting cell?
Antworten
-
T cell activation response
-
cellular immune response
-
cell-mediated immunity
-
B & C
Frage 95
Frage
____ cells make and secrete cytokines which enhance cellular responses to antigens, as well as secrete toxins to kill antigen-bearing target cells (growth inhibiting factors against target cells)
Antworten
-
A
-
B
-
T
-
F
Frage 96
Frage
_________ cells becomes activated when its antigen receptor combines with the displayed foreign antigen; also stimulates B cells through cytokines to produce antibodies
Antworten
-
cytotoxic T cells
-
Helper T cells
-
activated T cells
-
unactivated T cells
Frage 97
Frage
The CD4 helper T cell is the target of
Antworten
-
herpes
-
HIV
-
influenza
-
syphallis
Frage 98
Frage
Helper T cells produce
Antworten
-
cytotoxic T cells
-
B cells
-
natural killer cells
-
lymphocytes
Frage 99
Frage
Cytotoxic T cells recognize
Antworten
-
pathogens
-
self-antigens
-
non-self antigens on virally infected and cancer cells
-
none of these
Frage 100
Frage
__________ (interluekin 2) from an activated helper T cell activate the cytotoxic T cell and helps it to proliferate
Antworten
-
Enzymatic
-
Cytokines
-
Plasmids
Frage 101
Frage
Cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen bearing cells to produce
Antworten
-
natural killer cells
-
plasmids
-
antibodies
-
perforins
Frage 102
Frage
What cells help for future immune protection
Antworten
-
helper T cells
-
cytotoxic T cells
-
memory T cells
-
B cells
Frage 103
Frage
Memory T cells derive from
Antworten
-
B cells
-
Helper T cells
-
Natural Killer Cells
-
Cytotoxic T cells
Frage 104
Frage
CD8 T cells are responsible for messenger T cells. After cellular division, one daughter cell becomes a ____________ and the other becomes a _______
Antworten
-
macrophage, lymphocyte
-
cytotoxic T cell; memory T cell
-
natural killer cell; helper T cell
Frage 105
Frage
________ cells do NOT respond to the original exposure
Antworten
-
Memory T cells
-
Cytotoxic T cells
-
Helper T cells
-
B cells
Frage 106
Frage
Which cell divides and differentiates upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen?
Antworten
-
Helper T cells
-
Memory T Cells
-
Cytotoxic T cells
-
B cells
Frage 107
Frage
_____ cells become activated when antigen interacts with surface receptors
Antworten
-
T
-
C
-
B
-
R
Frage 108
Frage
If a B cell becomes activated when an antigen interacts with surface receptors, it results in ______ of the clone; needs helper T cell
Antworten
-
phagocytosis
-
proliferation
-
division
-
multiplication
Frage 109
Frage
Clones of B cells differentiate into
Antworten
-
helper B cells and cytotoxic B cells
-
natural killer cells
-
lymphocytes
-
memory B cells and plasma cells
Frage 110
Frage
Plasma cells are the cells that produce
Antworten
-
antigens
-
clotting factors
-
antibodies
-
enzyme
Frage 111
Frage
Another word for antibodies is
Antworten
-
immunoglobulins
-
antigens
-
humoral agents
Frage 112
Frage
Immunoglobulins/antibodies can combine with the antigen on the pathogen and act against it, this is known as
Antworten
-
reflex response
-
pathogenic response
-
antigenic response
-
humoral response
Frage 113
Frage
A single B cell can make a _______ response
Antworten
-
single
-
multiple
-
duplicate
-
triple
Frage 114
Frage
Different antigens on the surface of pathogens illicit a response from different B cells; this is known as a ________ (many) response
Antworten
-
triadic
-
polyhedral
-
polyclonal
-
multiple
Frage 115
Frage
Antibody molecules are made of ________ and ______ chains
Antworten
-
small and large
-
light and dark
-
dark and heavy
-
heavy and light
Frage 116
Frage
The light chains of antibodies have fewer
Antworten
-
peptide chains
-
amino acids
-
sucrose chains
-
lipids
Frage 117
Frage
Antibodies have a ___ shape
Antworten
-
X
-
H
-
O
-
Y
Frage 118
Frage
Variable regions of have and light chains allow for specificity to different
Antworten
-
pathogens
-
enzymes
-
amino acids
-
antigens
Frage 119
Frage
Antibodies react to antigens by
Antworten
-
Directly attacking antigens
-
activating complement
-
stimulating inflammation
-
all of the above
Frage 120
Frage
Agglutination, precipitation, and neutralization are responsible in a
Antworten
-
direct attack
-
activating of complement
-
stimulating inflammation
Frage 121
Frage
Agglutination causes antigens to ____, making them easier to find
Antworten
-
dissolve
-
clump
-
phagocytize
-
lysis
Frage 122
Frage
Precipitation causes antigens to become insoluble in
Antworten
-
water
-
lipids
-
blood
-
plasma
Frage 123
Frage
When an antibody attaches to toxic portions of antigen and eliminates the effect, it is called
Antworten
-
destruction
-
death
-
lysis
-
neutralization
Frage 124
Frage
Activation of complement is most important under _____ conditions
Antworten
-
dyer
-
normal
-
abnormal
Frage 125
Frage
_________________ occurs when IgG or IgM antibodies combine with antigens and expose a portion of the constant region; this leads to the initiation of compliment proteins
Antworten
-
activation of complement
-
direct attack
-
inflammation
Frage 126
Frage
Opsonization, chemotaxis, agglutination, lysis, and neutralization are effects of
Antworten
-
activation of complement
-
initiation of complement
-
direct attack
-
inflammation
Frage 127
Frage
IgE promotes
Antworten
-
direct attack
-
initiation of complement
-
activation of complement
-
inflammation
Frage 128
Frage
IgE is found on
Antworten
-
mast cells
-
lymphatic cells
-
B cells
-
T cells
Frage 129
Frage
Complexing with an antigen causes the release of ______ and other biochemicals (which causes vasodilation)
Antworten
-
epinephrine
-
norepinephrine
-
histamines
-
antibodies
Frage 130
Frage
Inflammation can be so intense that it damages
Antworten
-
cells
-
antibodies
-
tissues
-
blood vessels
Frage 131
Frage
The primary immune response first occurs when B and T cells
Antworten
-
enzyme
-
antigen
-
pathogen
-
antibody
Frage 132
Frage
Plasma cells release the antibodies ______ then _____ into the lymph in a primary immune response
Antworten
-
IgE then IgM
-
IgM then IgE
-
IgG then IgM
-
IgM then IgG
Frage 133
Frage
The primary immune response lasts
Antworten
-
hours
-
days
-
minutes
-
weeks
Frage 134
Frage
In a primary immune response, some B cells become
Antworten
-
helper cells
-
natural killer cells
-
memory cells
-
cytotoxic cells
Frage 135
Frage
The secondary immune response is
Antworten
-
faster and stronger
-
slower and weaker
-
more dangerous
-
no different
Frage 136
Frage
In a secondary response, if the memory cells encounter an identical antigen, they can rapidly (a day or two) produce ____ to combat it
Antworten
-
IgM
-
IgG
-
IgE
-
IgJ
Frage 137
Frage
Why do follicular dendritic cells in the lymph nodes slowly release viral antigens after initial infection?
Antworten
-
to weaken immune system further
-
to kill any left over pathogens
-
to keep immune system in check; strong.
Frage 138
Frage
When does naturally acquired active immunity develop?
Antworten
-
before exposure to antigen
-
after primary immune response to exposure of live pathogen
-
after secondary immune response to exposure of live pathogen
-
after exposure to dead pathogen
Frage 139
Frage
An example of artificially acquired active immunity are
Antworten
-
cultures
-
vaccinations
-
fruits
Frage 140
Frage
Antigens that stimulate primary immune response but does not produce symptoms of that disease are known as
Antworten
-
medicines
-
vaccinations
-
antigenic factors
-
pathogenic factors
Frage 141
Frage
bacteria or viruses that have been killed or weakened, toxoids, and single glycoproteins from a pathogen's surface can be used to make
Antworten
-
vaccinations
-
steroids
-
pathogens
-
antibodies
Frage 142
Frage
Artificially acquired passive immunity can be achieved by
Antworten
-
taking vitamins
-
injection of antibodies or antitoxins
-
medicine
-
none of the above
Frage 143
Frage
Artificially acquired passive immunity is _________ _____ and _________ is possible
Antworten
-
long term; immunity
-
short term; immunity
-
long term; re-infection
-
short term; reinfection
Frage 144
Frage
IgG molecules that move from mother to baby through fetal blood supply and breast milk are considered to be
Antworten
-
artificially acquired passive immunity
-
naturally acquired passive immunity
-
neither
Frage 145
Frage
Allergic reactions are very similar to a ________ response
Antworten
-
immune
-
homeostasis
-
neither
Frage 146
Frage
Both allergic reactions and immune responses are due to
Antworten
-
sensitizing of macrophages
-
mast cells
-
sensitizing of lymphocytes
-
norepinephrine
Frage 147
Frage
Allergic reactions are response to _____________ substances
Antworten
-
non-harmful
-
harmful
-
pathogenic
-
carcinogenic
Frage 148
Frage
Allergic reactions may
Antworten
-
damage tissues
-
kill brain cells
-
cause blood clotting
-
raise hormone levels
Frage 149
Frage
Hypersensitivity reactions are also known as
Antworten
-
immune responses
-
allergic reactions
-
skin conditions
Frage 150
Frage
Allergic reactions are triggered by antigens called
Antworten
-
histamines
-
epinephrine
-
allergens
-
pathogens
Frage 151
Frage
Immediate-reaction allergy (type I), antibody-dependent cytotoxic reactions (type II), immune complex reactions (type III), and delayed-reaction allergy (type IV) are all
Antworten
-
allergic reactions
-
immune responses
-
allergic categories
Frage 152
Frage
Immediate-Reaction allergies (type I) is known as
Antworten
-
cytotoxic allergies
-
anaphylactic allergies
-
antigen allergies
Frage 153
Frage
Type I allergic reaction occurs _________ after contact with the allergen
Antworten
-
hours
-
weeks
-
minutes
-
months
Frage 154
Frage
Inherited tendency is to ____________ produce IgE in response to particular antigens
Antworten
-
over
-
under
-
not
Frage 155
Frage
B cells, mast cells, IgE, and allergy mediators (histamine, prostaglandin D2, and leukotrines) are all part of
Antworten
-
anaphylaxes
-
mechanism of allergy
-
allergens
-
cytotoxic reactions
Frage 156
Frage
What cells must be sensitive to the allergen before you can become allergic?
Antworten
-
T cells
-
mast
-
B cells
-
luekocytes
Frage 157
Frage
Because B cells must be sensitive to the allergen before you can become allergic, that means
Antworten
-
the first exposure will not cause an allergic reaction
-
exposures after the initial exposure will cause an allergic reaction
-
A & B
-
neither
Frage 158
Frage
The severe form of Type I allergy is known as
Antworten
-
immune response
-
allergic reaction
-
anaphylactic shock
Frage 159
Frage
Sense of apprehension then body itching and breaking out in hives, vomiting and diarrhea, and difficulty breathing due to face, tongue, and larynx swelling is a result of
Antworten
-
allergic reaction
-
allergens
-
anaphylactic shock
Frage 160
Frage
One can treat anaphylactic shock by
Antworten
-
epinephrine
-
emergency tracheotomies
-
neither
-
both
Frage 161
Frage
Corneas, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, bone marrow, liver, heart, skin are all organs that can be
Antworten
-
removed
-
transplanted
-
susceptible to anaphylaxis
Frage 162
Frage
After an organ transplant, there is a risk of the _____ attacking the _______
Antworten
-
host; organ
-
organ; host
-
both
-
neither
Frage 163
Frage
Tissue rejection resembles the immune response to
Antworten
-
hormones
-
antibodies
-
pathogens
-
antigens
Frage 164
Frage
The speed and severity of a tissue rejection reaction depends on the amount of similarity between recipient and donor's ______ complexes
Antworten
-
TRH
-
MHC
-
mast cell
-
histamine
Frage 165
Frage
When the body fails to be able to differentiate between "self" and "non-self" is called
Antworten
-
dissociative disorder
-
identity crisis
-
antibody complex
-
autoimmunity
Frage 166
Frage
Autoimmunity produces
Antworten
-
antibodies
-
autoantibodies
-
enzymes
Frage 167
Frage
Autoimmunity results in the _____ cells attacking the body's tissues and organs
Antworten
-
lymphocytes
-
mast
-
cytotoxic T cells
-
memory T cells
Frage 168
Frage
An example of autoimmune diseases are
Antworten
-
rheumatoid arthritis
-
diabetes type I
-
neither
-
both
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