Karteikarten
Chapter 8
Karten in diesem Stapel (30)
- 1Which behavior & learning theorists emphasized experience and learning as the primary forces to shape human behavior?John Dollard
Neal Miller
B.F. Skinner - 2Radical Behaviorismlabel that has been given to B.F. Skinners point of view
- 3empiricismsuggest that all knowledge originates in experience
- 4True or False Behavior & learning theories are largely based on experimental analysis of behaviorTrue:
The behavior of individual organism is carefully studied in controlled laboratory settings - 5Classical Conditioninga form of learning in which a response becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus
- 6behaviorismsuggested that psychologists should focus their attention on the study of overt behavior
- 7law of effectstates that a behavior/performance accompanied by satisfaction tends to increase and a behavior/performance accompanied by frustration tends to decrease
- 8drive reductionsuggest that learning occurs only if an organism's response is followed by the reduction of some need or drive
- 9drivethe psychological correlate of a need or stimulus that impels an organism into action
- 10Primary Drives v. Secondary DrivesP.D.: necessary for the organism's survival\
S.D.: learned or acquired on the basis of the primary drive - 11reflexresponses that are automatic responses to stimuli
- 12Learning Process (4 stages)1.Drive-stimulus impelling to act
2. Cue-when, where, & how to respond
3. Response-reaction to cue
4. Reinforcement-effect of response - 13extinctiondoes not eliminate a response but inhibits it, enabling another response to grow stronger
- 14learning dilemmathe situation an individual is placed in if present responses are not reinforced
- 15Frustrationwhen one is unable to reduce a drive because the response that would satisfy it has been blocked.
- 16conflictif the frustration arises from the situation in which incompatible responses are occurring at the same time
- 17—Conflict Example
The child has to choose between two attractive objects - 18reciprocal inhibitionentails the introduction of a competitive response that will interfere with the original maladaptive response
- 19systematic desensitizationin which a patient is conditioned to stop responding to a stimulus
- 20species-specific behaviorbehavior that occur in all members of a species
- 21overt behaviorbehavior that can be observed by an external observer.
- 22reinforcementanything that increases the likelihood of a response
- 23respondent behaviorrefers to reflexes or automatic responses that are elicited by stimuli
- 24Operant Behaviorare responses emitted without a stimulus necessarily being present
*occurs spontaneously - 25shapingcan be deliberately shaped or molded the organisms behavior in order to achieve desired behavior
- 26discriminationthe ability to tell the difference between stimuli that are and are not reinforced
- 27generalizationthe application of a response learned in one situation to a different but similar situation
- 28punishmentwhen a behavior is followed by an unpleasant situation designed to eliminate it
- 29satiationentails permitting the behavior to occur until the individual tires of it
- 30behavior modificationseeks to eliminate undesired behaviors by changing the environment within which they occur
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- Karteikarten am Chapter 8 , erstellt von Stephaney Paz am 04/10/2017.
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