Karteikarten
Gender, Crime and Justice
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1What can you say about the patterns of crime between genders?-Male crime is more likely to be reported and prosecuted than female crime
- - 2State the different explanations for differences in gender in crime-The chivalry thesis
-The Sex Role theory
-Acomplishing masculinity - 3State the different explanations as to why more women are committing crime?-The liberation thesis
-The control theory
-Sex role theory - 4Evaluate the chivalry thesis? (Agree)Agree: -The CJS is more lenient to women; people in power have been SOCIALISED to act in a chivalrous manner
-POLLACK said that men are supposed to protect women so are less likely to arrest, therefore OS are underrepresenting - 5Evaluate the chivalry thesis.-Disagree; -Buckle + Farrington
-OS say that shoplifters are equal but they saw more men sho - 6State some evidence for the chivalry thesis-Hood --> Women are 1/3 less likely to be jailed in similar cases
-Males are 2.33 times more likely to plead guilty of offence but OS says that they are 4 times more likely (Graham +Bowling) - 7How may the CJS be bias against women?-Heidesohn shows that double standards are in place in terms of sexual promiscuity
-Carlen's study is v. shocking; Scotland is more likely to jail a mother who's children are in care than those "good mothers" - 8How can the Sex Role Theory explain the differences in gender crime?-Women have expressive adult role; they socialise kids, which needs patience, compassion and emotion
-Men reject this role by taking part in "compensatory compulsory masculinity" (aggressive characteristics)
-No male role model means they find comfort in all-male gangs which earn by deviance - 9What does Heidensohn say about the reason why there is a difference in gender patterns?-It all comes down to patriarchy;
-Women are more suppressed so don't have as many opportunities
-This happens at HOME, in PUBLIC and at WORK - 10How may women's opportunities for crime be linked with their roles at home?-They have triple shifts (Duncombe and Marsden), less time and movement
-They spend more time in house, so less places to offend
-Girls are less likely to be allowed out, so they develop BEDROOM CULTURE, where they stay a home with friends, rather than in public. - 11The public can be a suppressive entity. How does link to the patterns of gender crime?-Women may be scared to go outside as they may fear of SEXUAL VIOLENCE of men. The media don't make it any better as frequent reports of rape reinforce this fear.
-Less likely to be out= less likely to commit a crime
-Fear of labelling; those who go out a lot to bars and pubs may be labelled as "loose" and not respectable - 12We can talk about the public and at home, but how does work relate to the fact that women are less likely to commit a crime?-Women are less likely to be raised to SENIOR roles, due to the presence of the glass ceiling.
-This means that they are not as exposed/ likely to take part in white collar crimes - 13Carlen: Class and gender deals (Hirschi)-Hirschi said that humans conform if they are offered something in return
-Carlen realised that most of his studies were working-class women (WCW) who had failed to get rewards legitimately
-The WCWs were promised two deals:
-The W/C ; if you work, you'll gain good living style (most couldn't get a job)
-The Gender; if you conform, you'll get emotional + family stability( most had be beaten by dads or partners) - 14Why did Hirschi believe that people commit crime?-That they think that they won't get their rewards OR if the benefits of the crime outweigh the risks
- 15What does the liberation thesis indicate? TIP: Alder is the main guy in this theory-It tries to explain the rise in female crime:
-People are breaking away from patriarchy
-They are adopting more male roles so have more male opportunities (like white collar crimes) - 16Let's focus on men now. Why would men commit crimes in the first place?Messerschmidt says that it's all a competition to gain "masculinity"
-Men want to be masculine, they want to achieve HEGEMONIC masculinity
-Some have more "tools"/ resources to do this with
-Those who don't result to crime, to achieve this
(It's v. similar to the legitimate and illegitimate system that the subcultural theorists talk about - 17What is hegemonic masculinity?-The most dominant form of masculinity
This is what people really want
-It is gained in two ways; paid work and the subordination of women - 18What does Pollack think? In terms of gender and crime?-That the official statistics are biased towards men
-Women are used to using and manipulating men, so they are better at hiding their crimes
-Majority of CJS is male so chivalry thesis comes into play - 19Why may some white middle class boys become involved with crime?It is called accommodating masculinity
-In school, they have to obey and respect teachers.
-They surpress characteristics
-Outside school all they supressed begins to roll ouuuuut - 20Who proposes rebuttal to Messerschmidt?He goes by the name of Jefferson
-He says that messerschmidt assumes that all men want to achieve the same thing
-That his views are based on negative stereotypes - 21—
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- AS level Sociology Karteikarten am Gender, Crime and Justice, erstellt von Sparkle Shine am 23/11/2017.
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- Sparkle Shine
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