Karteikarten
Applied Year 11 - Unit 3: Topic 3.2.1 Producing food
Karten in diesem Stapel (23)
- 1What resources do plants need to survive?Minerals, water, carbon dioxide and light
- 2How is the leaf adapted for its function?Large surface area - maximise light absorption
Thin - short distance for carbon dioxide diffusion
Cuticle - Waxy, waterproof layer which reduces water loss and its transparent to allow light through
- 3Why does a plant carry out photosynthesis?To convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose using light energy
- 4What part of the plant cell carries out photosynthesis?Chloroplast
- 5What is the green pigment called in the chloroplast that absorbs light energy?Chlorophyll
- 6What controls the process of photosynthesis in a plant cell?Enzymes
- 7What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
- 8What are the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis?Light intensity
Temperature
Carbon dioxide concentration - 9How does the plant use glucose that is produced during photosynthesis?Respiration;
Converted to starch for storage;
Used to make cellulose, proteins and oils. - 10What nutrients do plants require to grow properly?NPK:
Nitrates (N)
Phosphates (P)
Potassium (K) - 11What happens if plants do not have enough N,P or K?Nitrates - results in poor growth
Phosphates - results in poor root growth
Potassium - results in yellowing of leaves - 12What can farmers use to promote better growth in plants?NPK fertilisers
- 13What is intensive farming?Intensive farming is a type of farming which produces as much food as possible by making full use of the land.
The aim is to maximize yields. - 14What factors need to be controlled in intensive farming?1. Temperature - animals will use less energy if their environment is warm
2. Restrict movement - the more animals move, the more energy is wasted
3. Food - use high protein diet to promote growth
4. Security - animals need to be kept safe from predators
5. Antibiotics - to prevent the spread of disease - 15What are the problems with using chemicals in intensive farming?Fertilisers can cause eutrophication (Unit 2.2)
Pesticides can have unintended effects on insects such as bees
Overuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistant bacteria - 16What is organic farming?In summary organic farming:
• does not use artificial chemicals (fertilisers, pesticides etc.)
• uses crop rotation
• uses animal and plant manures
• uses hand weeding and biological pest control - 17What are the advantages of organic farming?• environmental advantages of not using pesticides and artificial fertilisers
• medical advantages of minimising the use of antibiotics (lower chance of creating antibiotic-resistant bacteria)
• animal welfare advantages of allowing animals to move in their environment - 18What are the disadvantages of organic farming?• takes longer to produce crops
• tends to have lower yields
• is often more expensive - 19What is biological control?All crop pests have natural predators.
Farmers can make use of this to control pests that may otherwise damage their crops. This is called biological pest control. For example, ladybirds eat aphids. These predators can be grown in large numbers and released onto a crop. - 20What are the advantages of genetic modification?GM crops have a better yield.
Resistance to pests, weeds and disease may be built into the crops.
Crops may be produced that stay ripe for longer so they can be shipped long distances.
Crops may be produced that are more capable of thriving in regions with poor soil. - 21What are the disadvantages of genetic modification?GM crops may cross-pollinate with nearby non-GM plants and this may create ecological problems.
It could give rise to super-weeds and super-pests.
There may be undesirable consequences of changing a gene. Genes don’t work in isolation, changing a few genes could cause unpredictable results.
GM crops pose a risk to food diversity as the plants are much more dominant. - 22What are the advantages of selective breeding?Crops give better yields
Harmful traits can be bred out
Resistance to pests and diseases
Crops may be bred to have more nutritional value - 23What are the disadvantages of selective breeding?Some genes would be lost, making it more difficult to produce new varieties in the future.
Selective breeding can cause genetic variation to decrease. This may make mean one disease will affect many crops.
There is an increased risk of genetic disease.
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- GCSE Biology Karteikarten am Applied Year 11 - Unit 3: Topic 3.2.1 Producing food, erstellt von Mrs Z Rourke am 26/03/2018.
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