Karteikarten
Unit 1 - Human Lifespan And Development
Karten in diesem Stapel (122)
- 1What life stage is infancy?0 - 2 yrs
- 2What life stage is childhood?3 - 8 yrs
- 3What life stage is Adolescence?9 - 18 yrs
- 4What life stage is adulthood?19 - 45 yrs
- 5What life stage is middle adulthood?45 - 65 yrs
- 6What life stage is later adulthood?65+ yrs
- 7Define the term 'Fine Motor Skills'. Give examples.Small movements that use the small muscles of the fingers, toes, wrists, lips and tongue. E.g holding a spoon, using mouth and lips to taste feel objects, tying shoelaces.
- 8Define the term 'Gross Motor Skills'. Give examples.Uses larger movements infant makes with arms/legs/feet/entire body. E.g. crawling, running, jumping.
- 9What does growth mean?An increase in physical size.
- 10What does development mean?An increase in skill, abilities and emotions.
- 11How can development in children be measured? What does it show?Centile Charts. Shows the normal height and weight you would expect from child between 0 - 5 yrs.
- 12What life stage does the menopause begin?Middle adulthood between 45 - 55 (middle adulthood = 45 - 65)
- 13How does a persons emotional development start?Through a successful attachment between child and main carer.
- 14Emotional development. Complete: As we get older, we learn to understand our _______ and of those around us. We also take other peoples __________ into account.As we get older, we learn to understand our feelings and of those around us. We also take other peoples feelings into account.
- 15Social Development. Complete: As children get older, they learn to get on with _________.As children get older, they learn to get on with others.
- 16Who is the first person who a child has a relationship with? What happens if this relationship is successful?First relationship - with parents / main carers. If bond successfully with them, will feel able to make other relationships as grow older.
- 17Social development. Complete: We need to ____________, ___________ and care for each other to support them.We need to comfort, socialize and care for each other to support them.
- 18How can characteristics be described?The unique differences that each of us has.
- 19What are characteristics?Features of person that determine the way he/she looks, behaves, feels and thinks.
- 20What is the NATure argument?A persons characteristics are inherited from their parents.
- 21What is the NURture argument?Certain types of behavior and attitudes are learnt from parents/main carer/ individuals in our lives.
- 22What does PIES stand for?PHYSICAL, INTELLECTUAL, EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL
- 23Explain the physical development in the childhood life stage. (3 - 8 yrs)- young children greater control of bodies + develop range of complex physical skills.
- improve balance, control and coordination develop skills e.g skipping, catching all, riding bike.
- loses body shape and gradually develops shape/properties of adult. Growth spurt in middle of childhood. - 24Complete: Piaget became intrigued with the reasons children gave for their _______ answers on the questions that required _______ thinking. He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important __________ between the thinking of _______ and _______.Piaget became intrigued with the reasons children gave for their WRONG answers on the questions that required LOGICAL thinking. He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important DIFFERENCES between the thinking of ADULTS and CHILDREN.
- 25What age is the sensorimator stage of development?0 - 2 yrs
- 26What is the Piaget's stage of development called for the 0 - 2 yrs age range?sensorimator
- 27For Piaget's stages of development, what age range is the Preoperational stage in?2 - 7 yrs
- 28For Piaget's stages of development, what is the stage called for 2 - 7 yrs?Preoperational
- 29For Piaget's stages of development, what age range is concrete operational?7 - 11 years
- 30For Piaget's stages of development, what is the stage called for the 7 - 11 yrs age range?Concrete Operational
- 31For Piaget's stages of development, what age range is Formal Operational?11+ yrs
- 32For Piaget's stages of development, what is the stage called for the age range 11+ yrs?Formal Operational
- 33Give some examples of uses of FINE motor skills that INFANTS may use.- build towers
- hold spoon
- use mouth and lips to feel objects - 34Give some examples of uses of GROSS motor skills that INFANTS may use.- Rolling form side to side
- crawling
-Walking
- Climbing
- Kicking - 35How does an adolescents brain think different to an adults? (Intellectual)Thinks different to an adults e.g. some may be more willing to to an adult in a mature manner than others.
- 36Explain PHYSICAL development of an adolescence (9 -18 yrs).- Growth spurt in height and heavier (both)
- Breasts (girls)
- Voice breaks (boys)
- Menstruation (girls)
- Pubic / underarm hair (both)
- Penis/testes grow larger (boys)
- hips widen for childbirth (grils) - 37Explain INTELLECTUAL development of an adolescence (9 -18 yrs).- Widen vocab
- change from concrete thinking to abstract thinking (theoretical thinking)
- Prefer peer interaction whilst learning . - 38Explain EMOTIONALdevelopment of an adolescence (9 -18 yrs).- likely to turn to friends rather than family.
- girls more emotional (cry/angry) whilst on period.
- More self conscious, especially about physical appearance e.g less confident without makeup
- more intimate relationships with same/ different sex
- own opinions on right / wrong - 39Explain SOCIAL development of an adolescent (9 -18 yrs).- more aware of / influenced by social networking sites.
- influenced more by friends, especially behavior and self esteem.
- Seeking more responsibility and independence
- Friendships v important
-peer pressure (e.g. alcohol/drugs)
- Wearing right clothes important - 40Explain PHYSICAL development of an adult (19 - 45 yrs).- Grey hair start to develop
- more fatty tissue, take longer to recover from efforts.
- dye hair,anti wrinkle cream, botox - 41Explain INTELLECTUAL development of an adult (19 - 45 yrs).- Develop thinking /problem solving skills
- develop intellect skills further through education, training, prob solving everyday work situations
- new knowledge from having children - 42Explain EMOTIONAL development of an adult (19 - 45 yrs).- Anxious, stress about children
- more self control / self awareness than adolescents
- emotionally challenging e.g. marriage, divorce - 43Explain SOCIAL development of an adult (19 - 45 yrs).- Family priority over friends
- Go out separate more than as couple - 44Explain PHYSICAL development of someone in Middle adulthood (45 - 65 yrs).- Hair loss, slower movement, reduced stamina/muscle power
- reduced hand/eye coordination, deteriorating eyesight, wrinkles
- skin loses elasticity
- menopause...
... hot flushes
...sleep disturbance
...more freq need to urinate - 45Explain INTELLECTUAL development of a person in Middle adulthood (45 - 65 yrs).- Abstract thinking/good memory
- educ develop further through training/prob solving at work / everyday situations.
- New knowledge/skills from personal life e.g. having children/work changes - 46Explain EMOTIONAL development of a person in Middle adulthood (45 - 65 yrs).- midlife crisis
-marriage/divorce/loss of elderly parents (challenging)
- emotionally mature/more self control/self awareness - 47Explain SOCIAL development of a person in Middle adulthood (45 - 65 yrs).- changes in existing relationships
- individual trying to achieve position in society - 48Explain PHYSICAL development of a person in later adulthood (65+ yrs).- weakening of bones (osteoporosis) as calc and protein lost from bones
- loss of hearing
- reduced mobility (usually from muscle wastage/brittle bones/stiff joints)
- decline in structure + funct of body - 49Explain INTELLECTUAL development of a person in later adulthood (65+ yrs).- Think speed/response time decline (intelligence/mental ability not usually lost)
- Dementia - effect memory and confused more easily, possi lose speech/other activity controlled by brain.
- use mentally stimulating activites (e.g. Sudoku) - maintain intellect as adults - 50Explain EMOTIONAL development of a person in later adulthood (65+ yrs).- come to terms changing fam relationships (children move into early/mid adulthood. Death of parents/friends, ending prev work/pers roles)
- experience life events/transitions e.g. becoming grandparents/retiring.
-insecurity/loneliness if social contact reduced - 51Explain SOCIAL development of a person in later adulthood (65+ yrs).- oppertunities to join in social activities / meet others in social situations.
- busy social life if physically active
- Isolated if less mobile - 52Explain PHYSICAL development of a person in childhood (3-8 yrs).- good sense of balance
- growth spurt (between ages of 5-7)
- improve coordination and control, skip, throw, catch accurately - 53Explain INTELLECTUAL development of a person in childhood (3-8 yrs).- Count/use full sentences
- knows difference between right/wrong
- start to see things from other peoples point of view
- simple colours,numbers,sizes,symbols - 54explain EMOTIONAL development of a person in childhood (3-8 yrs).- able to say how feel
- understand if happy/sad
- developing mental image of themselves (self image) - 55Explain SOCIAL development of a person in childhood (3-8 yrs).- Choose own friends/wider circle
- understand how to share/take turns
-develop independence
-cooperate with other children, understand rules/fairness - 56Explain PHYSICAL development of a person in Infancy (0 - 2 yrs).- cry, urinate, drink, vomit (birth)
- roll side to side, reach objects
- feed themselves, walk unaided, understand simple requests
- - 57Explain INTELLECTUAL development of a person in Infancy (0 - 2 yrs).- Notices internal feelings (e.g. hunger, thirst)
- makes noises with meaning with contentment (when happy), turns towards familiar sounds
- Stops/listens when says name, can distinguish from other words
- use spoon, drink from cup (6 - 12 mths)
- typ vocab 50 words (2 yrs) - 58Explain EMOTIONAL development of a person in Infancy (0 - 2 yrs).- Smile/giggle when want more
- need security (love, routine, looked after by familiar carer)
- strong attachment to parent - 59Explain SOCIAL development of a person in Infancy (0 - 2 yrs).- Little interaction with other children, play near other children no with (parallel play)
- Enjoys peek a boo
- responds positively to touch, shows emotions to people/situations - 60What is intellectual development?How individuals organize ideas/make sense of wold around them
- 61What does ECOGENIC mean? Which type of people are ecogenic?ECOGENIC - only see world from own point of view
Infants are ecogenic - 62What life stage do people reach sexual maturity?Adolescent
- 63What life stage do people reach Physical maturity? (when reaches full height/peak of physical fitness)Adulthood
- 64Differences in Adolescent and parent/grandparent clothing- Teenagers wear well known brands
- Teenagers take longer to get ready
- Teens wear more makeup than parents / grandparents
- Parents - more practical clothing
- religion influence way people dress e.g. Muslim women not allowed to show hair. - 65What physical factors affect growth/development?- genetic inheritance: each cell 2 sets 23 chromosomes - 1 set from each parent
- genes responsible for ...
illness, disabilities, diseases - 66Asthma - is it inherited?Inherrited. if 1 of parents has asthma, more likely to develop it.
- 67Down syndrome - inherited?Genetic mutation. Affects normal physical development, causes learning difficulies
- 68Cystic fibrosis - inherited?Genetic mutation. inherits mutated version of gene. lungs and digestive system clogged with sticky mucus
- 69What is a degenerative illness? Examples?Illnesses that get worse over time, often genetic.
E.g. Alzheimers dis - affects ability to do daily activities.Loss of mem.
Arthiritis - painful inflammitaion/stiffness to joints. e.g. knees, neck. hips etc
Dementia- mem loss, problem thinking/prob solving - 70Genetic learning disabilities?- Down Syndrome
- Autism - 71Lifestyle choices: complete: The choice we make In life about our ________,________, _______, ___________ and drug use will also affect growth and development.The choice we make n life about our DIET, EXERCISE, ALCOHOL, SMOKING and drug use will also affect growth and development.
- 72Explain how diet affects growth and development.DIET...
Overweight: type 2 diabetes
osteoarthritis
Underweight: period stops
fatigue
weak bones
low blood pressure - 73Explain the PIES of anorexia.P - dry yellow skin, disrupted mens cycle ,muscle weakness
I - Lack of focus in school, forgetful,
E- poor bod image, depression, anxiety.
S - isolation, depression - 74Explain PIES of bulimiaP - tooth decay, heart failure, dehydration
I - lack focus, forgetful
E - shame/guilt, depression, low self esteem
S - avoid others, no energy to socialise - 75Explain PIES of obesityP - inc risk cardvas disease/cancers/strokes, high blood pressure
I - difficult to reach full potential, sluggish/tired (affect mem/focus). self esteem hinder intellect abillities
E- depression, anxiety, low self est, bod dissatisfaction
S - more likely suffer prejucice/discrimination (e.g. employment, school) - 76How can the lifestyle choice DIET affect growth/development?Healthy diet: improves bod image, contains nutrients needed for growth/develompment
Unhealthy diet: weight gain -} pressire on joints. Illness e.g. diabetes/heat disease - 77How can the lifestyle choice DRUGS affect growth/development?- illness disease, reduce judgement, affect mem/focus, anxiety/depression, negatively affect relationships, infertility (women)
- 78How can the lifestyle choice SMOKING affect growth/development?- Illness/disease, effect unborn child, social isolation (e.g. if not considered acceptable)
- 79How can the lifestyle choice EXERCISE affect growth/development?regular exercise: strengthens joints, imp mobility + stamina, prevent illness /disease, imp mood
Lack of exercise: red stamina/strength, red mobility, affect mental health negitively - 80How can the lifestyle choice ALCOHOL affect growth/development?- reduce judgement, negitively affect relationships.
- 81How can having a wide circle of friends benefit you?pos impact on emotional/social wellbeing
- have people to talk to when faced with unexpected life event (e.g. death of family member, serious illness) - 82How will a child moving away from her friends affect her growth and development/ how will she feel?P - anorexia may develop as may fee its her fault that they moved
I - not able to concentrate at school
E - Depressed, lonely, low self esteem as may think its their fault have moved
S- isolation. not confident around others, since doesn't interact with any friends. - 83What is SOLITARY PLAY?1st yr - plying alone e.g building blocks
- 84What is PARALLEL PLAY?2 yr - playing alongside someone/copying. e.g copying older siblings, wearing mums shoes, pretending to put on lipstick
- 85What is SOCIAL PLAY?playing/interacting with others (e.g. tig)
- 86What is COOPERATIVE PLAY?sharing, using imagination, involved in role play (e.g. pretend to make cup of tea, dressing up/learning about different jobs.) Learn about important skills/how to build relationships/behave as friend.
- 87Why is it important for children to share?- stubborn as get older
- selfish/ungrateful
- no friends as get older/isolated
-reputation as 'only child' - spoilt - 88How does playing with other children develop PIES skills in children?P - park: swings, climbing trees etc - muscle strength. Coordination playing football. vit D from sun
I - focus at school as nothing to worry about,
E - won't feel sad/confused
S - gain confidence/sharing skills, build leadership/friendship skills. - 89What age do children demonstrate solitary play?0 - 2 yrs
- 90What age do children demonstrate parallel play?2 - 3 yrs
- 91What age do children demonstrate social and cooperative play?3 - 8 yrs
- 92What would be a positive / negative celebrity role model?positive - charity work, promoting healthy body image (e.g. Kate Middleton)
Negative - drugs (e.g. Justin Bieber) - 93What would be a positive / negative Parent role model?Positive - respective, loving, good relationships, shape morals for child
Negative - other priorties beside children (smoking, drinking etc)
If racist - influence child - 94What would be a positive / negative Teacher role model?Positive - intelligent, work hard in life
Negative - smokes, mot bothered about class - 95What is a gender role?A role that is determined by a persons gender
- 96How has gender roles changed over the years?past - men went to work, women stayed at home cooking/cleaning/looking after children
Today - men and women go out to work, share household chores - 97How are people treated differently depending on their gender?Boys - called names for doing certain sport e.g. dance
Girls - called lesbians for liking 'boys' sport e.g. fooball
Parents - may be stricter if boy hits girl than if girl hits boy. - 98ECONOMIC FACTORS: positive/negative physical effects of manual jobs- POSITIVE: Improve muscle/stamina
- Negative: Injury + muscular / skeletal problems - 99ECONOMIC FACTORS: positive/negative physical, emotional, social effects of high/low income.P: positive - high income = better health (due to housing cond, diet)
negative: - low income = impact lifestyle (eg diet) poor health
E: positive - sec income = contentment (happy)
Negative : insec income = fam relationships suffer - financial worries
S - positive: higher income = more independnce
negative: low income = restric oppertunites for socialising - 1002 possible effects of persons occupational status on their emotional development- high status job (e.g. lawyer) self image improve - feel contentment as think v intellectual
- low status jobs (e.g. factory. worker) anxiety/low self esteem - impression that aren't intellectual / capable of higher status jobs. looked down on by society - 101What is social isolation?People who don't have regular contact with others.
- 102What can social isolation be due to?- live alone
- unemployed
- no access to social situations
- can't easily leave home due to illness/disease
- discriminated against and/or excluded - 103What are the effects of social isolation?- lose ability to build relationships/friendships
- stress/anxiety - no one to share worries with
- insecure, lack of contentment
memory loss + recaall - 104How might persons culture affect the way they interact with society?e.g. Muslim woman examined by male doctor forbidden as don't allow any physical contact with another man
- 105what is an EXPECTED life event?Events that happen to most people during the course of their life.
- 106Examples of expected life events?- starting school
- starting work
- marriage
- parenthood
- moving
-owning a house - 107EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of starting nursery/school/collage/unipositive: - new friendships
- learn/develop new skills
- improve self esteem
Negative: - anxiety about new routines/meeting new people
- young children = insecure leaving parents for 1st time - 108EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of getting new jobpositive: - independence
- improve self image + self esteem
- new skills e.g. creative thinking, problem solving
Negative: stress / anxiety - 109EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of living with partner/getting married/entering civil partnershippositive: -feel secure and content
- develop intimate relationships
Negative: - loss of independence
- have to share - 110EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of moving house/areapositive: - exciement as new challenge
- new friendships/relationships
Negative: - loss of friends
-anxiety/stress of moving
- feel isolated - 111EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of becoming a parentpositive: - feel content
- improved emotional well being
- strong attachments
Negative: - worrying about responsibility
- feel tired
- loss of independence - 112EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of retirementPositive - reduced stress
- socialize more with family/friends
Negative - loss of relationships e.g. friends from work
- Negative self image
- lose mobility/fitness - 113What is an UNEXPECTED life event?Events that happen during the course of live that cannot be predicted.
- 114examples of unexpected life events- death of someone close
- ill health
- promotion
- dropping out education
- redundancy
- imprisonment
- accident/injury - 115What is redundancy?When a company no longer needs a particular job, so they let the employee go.
- 116UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of accident/injury/ill healthlack of mobility, depression, restriction in social activities, lack of interest in social appearance
- 117UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of death of someone close- feeling of loss/grief
- low self confidence
- loss of friends
- unable to cope/function @ work - 118UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of dropping out of eductionlow self esteem, loss of friends, restriction in social activities
- 119UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of imprisonmentdepression, loss of social contact, low self esteem, loss of independence
- 120UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of promotion- improved self esteem
- positive self image
- loss of independence - 121UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of redundancylower self esteem, stress, fewer opps for learning/developing skills, less opps to interact/develop relationships,
opps to train for new job - 122How can unexpected life events affect the individuals friends/family?relationships - damage to relationships between partners and other fam members
emotional stress on partners / fam / friends as people need physical / emotional support from them
distress - family / friends may find hard to accept new situation.