Karteikarten
2.2 Biology (Higher) - Metabolism and Survival
Karten in diesem Stapel (16)
- 1METABOLIC RATEquantity of energy consumed per unit time
- 2WAYS OF MEASURING METABOLIC RATE> O2 consumption (per unit time)
> CO2 production (per unit time)
> energy/ heat production (per unit time) - 3SINGLE CIRCULATIONeg. fish
> 1 atrium, 1 ventricle
> blood passes through heart once in a cycle of the body
> low blood pressure in body = inefficient - 4INCOMPLETE DOUBLE CIRCULATIONeg. reptile / amphibian
> 2 atria, 1 ventricle
> oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix
> these animals are ectotherms, do not require as high a metabolic rate
> reptiles have a septum partly separating the ventricle
> amphibians can absorb oxygen through moist skin lining - 5EFFECTIVE GAS EXCHANGE REQUIRES..> large surface area
> thin surface
> moist surface so gases can easily dissolve
> good blood supply - 6GAS EXCHANGE IN BIRDSTakes place in parabronchi
- 7PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTIONS OF DEEP SEA MAMMALS> heart rate can be slowed down to conserve oxygen - less oxygen required by cardiac muscle
> lungs designed to partially collapse, air is compressed, making it easier to sink (energy not wasted swimming down) - 8VO2 MAXmaximum volume of oxygen that an individuals body can take up and use during exercise
- 9REGULATORSorganisms able to alter their metabolic rate and maintain a steady state by employing physiological mechanisms
> can have a high energy cost - 10CONFORMERSorganisms unable to alter their metabolic rate, they are dependent on their external environment
- 11PREDICTIVE DORMANCYwhen an organism becomes dormant before the arrival of adverse conditions
- 12CONSEQUENTIAL DORMANCYwhen an organism becomes dormant after the arrival of adverse conditions
> they can exploit resources for longer
> sudden severe changes in conditions can kill - 13STATE OF HIBERNATION> metabolic rate drops
> body temp drops
> heart rate slows
> breathing rate slows - 14AESTIVATIONform of dormancy used by some animals to survive periods of excessive HEAT OR DROUGHT
- 15DAILY TORPOR> reduction in metabolic rate for part of every 24 hours
> used by birds because they have very high metabolic rates so having energy consumption so high during the night is not efficient - 16EXTREMOPHILEorganism that lives in extreme conditions
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- higher Biology (UNIT 2 - Metabolism and Survival) Karteikarten am 2.2 Biology (Higher) - Metabolism and Survival, erstellt von kerryrandfield am 01/05/2015.
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- kerryrandfield
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