Karteikarten
Computing
Karten in diesem Stapel (155)
- 1What does CPU stand forCentral Processing Unit
- 25 functions carried out by the operating systems-user interface
-memory management
-peripheral management
-multi-tasking
-security - 3what is an operating systemcomplex peice of software that allows the user to interact with the computer hardware
- 4give examples of an operating systemmac
windows
android - 5whats the purpose of the user interfaceallows the user to interact with the operating system
- 6two common types of user interfacegraphical user interface (GUI)
command line interface (CLI) - 7what is GUI?user doesn't have to be specialised, uses icons and mouse to select data. takes up more memory than CLI.
- 8What is CLI?command line interface, it allows the user t type commands directly into the computer. however the programming language is needed, it is quicker for experienced users
- 9What does memory management do?makes sure all the programs running have enough RAM. makes sure none of the data is overwritten or corrupted.
- 10what are peripherals?devices that are outside the main computer. e.g. printers
- 11what are used to make sure peripherals can communicate with the rest of the computers software?hardware drivers
- 12whats the purpose of multitaskingallows the computer to appear to run more than one program simultaneously. e.g. writing an essay and listening to music.
- 13how does the OS multitask?shares out processor time between programs
- 14what's another use of the operating system?security
- 15why does the OS have securitytoo make sure programs and data are protected
- 163 examples of what security OS have built into them.firewalls
anti-virus
encryption - 17how does the security work?by stopping any malicious or suspected packets f incoming data.
- 183 types of utility software used for disk organisation-de-fragmentation
-file transfer
-formatting - 19describe the function of a disk defragmenter.moves part of the file around so that all the parts are saved together, so it is quick to load. it moves free space around so that all the free space is stored together
- 20do utility programs come with the operating system?yes, but you can download extras if wanted.
- 21what is the purposeof utility programs?to keep the computer running properly
- 22name three utility software used for securityanti-virus
anti spyware
firewall - 23what is a virus?a piece of malware that create copes of themselves and spread across many computers.
- 24how does anti-virus software prevent viruses?periodically scans the computer to detect and remove or quarabtine viruses from a computer
- 25what is spywaremalware that monitors your activity for example which keys you press and which websites you visit
- 26how does spyware protection work?it finds and remove spyware software
- 27what does a firewall do?it sits between the computer an the network. it filters incoming packets and connections looking for anything malicious and filtering it out.
- 28what are packets?packets are small segments of a file, the packets contains some of the data so it can be transmitted easily across a network
- 29list 3 uses of utility programs used for organisation-formatting
-file transfer
-de-fragmentation - 30disadvantage to antivirus softwarehas to be updated
- 31what are spyware software used forstealing bank details
- 32name another utility program used for securityencryption
- 33name 3 common utility programs used for disk organisationformatting
file transfer
de-fragmentation - 34what is formatting?prepares the disk for initial use by wiping all current current content, splitting the disk into blocks to be stored.
- 35what is file transfer?moving files around to different locations e.g. to a different network or location.
- 36what is de-fragmentation?When files are written to a hard drive, not all the parts of the file are stored together, this makes efficient use of storage but its slow to load.
It moves parts of the file around so that they're next to each other and therefore quicker to load. - 37make 3 utility programs for system maintenancesystem diagnosis
clean up tools
automatic updates - 38what is system diagnosis?gives you key information about the computer. e.g. available RAM, disk space available and the operating system which is being used.
- 39What are clean up tools.Improve computer performance by removing icons and programs that rarely get used and removing temporary files like cookies that take up disc space.
- 40What are automatic updates?new viruses and vulnerabilities are often discovered once an operating system has been released and so needs updates to fix and counter threats
the OS checks the manufacturers website and installs them without user interaction - 41what are the types of software?custom written
off the shelf
open source
proprietary - 42what is custom written softwareSoftware created specifically for the user
- 43advantages and disadvantages of customer written softwareexpensive and takes time to produce
but applications are specific to the users needs and existing software may no do what you want and not exist. - 44what is another term for off the shelf softwarebespoke
- 45what is off the shelf software?software which is suitable for a range of users
- 46off the shelf software advantages an disadvantages.cheaper than bespoke available instantly, it will come with functionality you don't need and not everything you'd like.
- 47what is open source software?open source software has its source code open to the pubic so anyone can add new features or improve existing code.
- 48ads and disadvantages of open sourceits free and created by a hue community of programmers who can distribute their own version of the program
- 49what is proprietary softwaresoftware is copyrighted and sold by its creators, users can never edit it. e.g. angry birds
- 50advantages and disadvantages of proprietarythe user cant fix bugs and must wait for the company to fix it. the company provides updates and fixes to the bugs
- 51disadvantage of open sourceno warranty or guarantee
- 52which piece of hardware could be used to connect a home network to the internetrouter/modem/ADSL adapter
- 53what hardware is needed to create a network?ethernet cable
hub
switch
network adapter
wireless access point
server/modem - 54define the use of the following terms:next 6 cards
- 55Network adapterallows a computer to connect to the network
- 56ethernet cablelinks different devices on the network together
- 57routerjoins different networks together e.g. home network to the internet
- 58switchconnects devices together, sends any data it receives to the device it is meant for.
- 59hubconnects devices together, sends any data it receives to all the devices connected to it
- 60wireless access pointprovides wireless access to a wired network
- 61what is a nodea computer system (device) which is connected to a network
- 62how does a laptop connect to the interneta wireless computer connects to the wireless access point then it is wired to a
wired router which then connects to a router and broadband modem. then through the analogue telephone cable to the internet - 63how does a wired computer connect to the internet?a wired computer is connected to a router then a modem thoughva cable (or DSL jack) to the internet
- 64what is the internet?a world wide collection of networks
- 65what is the world wide web?its a collection of all the webpages on the internet
- 66name 3 pieces of hardware needed to connect to the internetmodem
router
hub - 67whats the purpose of the modem?an analogue to digital converter. digital signals from the computer to analogue signals that can be passed along the telephone wire
- 68define the purpose of a router to connect to the internetreceives packets from al over the world and sends them to their destination
- 69whats the purpose of the hubreceives packets from all over the network and sends on to every other device on the network
- 70what are IP addresses used forevery device on the internet has a unique IP address that it uses when sending or recieving packets
- 71what does DNS stand forDomain Name Server
- 72what is a DNSa database of IP addresses
- 73how does a DNS work?when the user requests a URL the domain name server looks it up and returns the IP address or searches for the address on other DNS severs. this means that people don't have to remember IP addresses
- 74what is HTMLHyper Text Markup Languages
- 75whats does the HTML contain?its a file containing text that uses tags to say how it should be displayed. It includes the URL (location) of other elements like images sounds and videos to be included as well as other hyperlinks to other web pages
- 76what sort of file do the next 6 cards store?look at the next 6 cards
- 77JPEGImage file
- 78GIFanimation
- 79PDFdocuments
- 80MP3Music
- 81MPEGVideos
- 82ZIPcompressed files
- 83why is compression important online?compression reduces the amount of disk space a file takes up.
when sending files over the internet compression reduces the size of the file being sent, reduces the download time an reduces internet traffic - 84two types of file compression arelossy and lossless
- 85what happens during lossy compressionsome of the information in the file is lost during compression it is not usually noticeable to the user. it is used to compress mutli-media like videos.
- 86lossless compressionno information is lost during compression. used for text
- 87explain the difference between lossy and lossless file compression giving an example when each would be usedlossy, the compressed file is different to the original, most people cannot tell the difference in quality. lossy is used in music files
lossless is when the uncompressed data is the same are the original used in text files. - 88what is a networka collection of two or more computers connected together
- 89why are networks usefulthe connected computers can share information (files) and resources (like printers)
- 90disadvantage to networksthey're expensive to set up and viruses can spread quickly between connected coomputers
- 91what is a topologya way of laying out a network
- 92name 3 topologiesstar
bus
ring - 93describe the three types of network topologiesstar- all nodes connected to a server
bus-all nodes connected to a central spine
ring-one node is attached to 2 others, one of the left and one of the right. - 94name 4 types of networkLAN
WAN
peer-peer
client server - 95what is LANlocal area network, means that computers are joined over a small geographical area
- 96what is a WANwide area network
computers are joined over a large geographical area - 97what is a client server networka network where a server provides resources to the other computers know as clients
- 98what is a peer to peer networkpeer to peer network is where all clients are of equal status, they can access resources from the other client.
- 99what does IP stand forInternet Protocol
- 100what are packets and why are they usedbefore being sent over network, data is split into small segments called packets. this makes data transmission more reliable. each packet has a header which includes important information like its destination and its position in the original message and where it was sent from
RELIABLE - 101describe IP addreesseach node in a network is given a different IP address, this address is different to any other node in the network. BUT it is the same address a a node in a different network.
- 102Describe what a mac address is.devices have completely unique mac address to any other vice in the world
- 103what is a protocola set of rules which governs the transmission of data.
- 104what is a protocola set of rules which governs the transmission of data.
- 105without protocols what would happen?data packets would collide and get lost
- 106give 2 advantages of using a computer networkshare resources and information
- 107Describe the difference between a LAN and a WAN.LAN covers a small geographical area whereas the WAN covers a wide geographical area
- 108what is the CPU clock speed?the clock speed is the number of instructions the CPU can execute per second. The higher the clock speed, the faster the CPU will run
- 109what is cache memoryreally fast memory built into the CPU.
it holds frequently used instructions so they don't need to be fetched all the way from RAM. the more cache a CPU has the faster it will run - 110what are computers called that have more than one CPU?single core=1 CPU
duel core=2 CPUs
Quad core=4 CPUs - 111what can multiple CPUs do?can be used to execute instructions simultaneously to speed up the computer
- 112where are CPU processors found?all on one motherboard
- 113what does decode mean?instructions are converted from how they are input to binary so that the computer can understand it.
- 114what happens when the instructions are executed?the binary is converted into a format we can more easily understand.
- 115what is virtual memoryRAM is expensive, and you often want to run more programs than RAM can hold. Virtual memory is created by using parts of the hard drive like RAM storage.
- 116what does virtual memory hold?parts of the program that are not in use, this storage is volatile and is much slower than RAM.
- 117what makes cache memory better than RAM?cache memory is closer to the CPU, (cache sits between the CPU and RAM). It holds instructions which are regularly used and allows instructions to be loaded more quickly which speeds up the computer
- 118what is flash memoryflash memory can held information when it is turned off but can be editied once it has been written to, (like a USB stick inside the computer.). it is fairly modern and is now being used instead of ROM
- 119a QUAD core processor has a of 2.8 GHz. hoe many operations can it carry out per second?2.8 x 4=11.2 billion operations per second
- 120what does a processor do?carries out processing on the computer by FETCHING, DECODING and EXECUTING DATA and instructions
- 121what is a computer?an object which has:
input----> memory----->output
device ^ v device
processor - 122what is the purpose of a CPU?to carry out processing in the computer by fetching data and instructions from memory then decoding and executing the instructions. this is called the fetch-> decode->execute cycle
- 123parts of the CPUcontrol unit, immediate access store, arithmetic and logic unit.
- 124what does the control unit do?coordinates the timing of the units and the flow of data in the CPU. it fetches and decodes instructions and manages the execution
- 125what is in the immediate access store?registers which store small amounts of storage
- 126what does the ALU do?arithmetic operations like adding and subtracting, also logical operations such as the comparison of 2 numbers.
- 127how does the CPU process instructions?data and instructions are fetching, decoded and executed data in the fetch, decode, execute cycle.
- 128describe the characteristics of magnetic storage.magnetic has a large capacity and is cheap. it contains moving parts so is sensitive to movement. it is used as main storage in laptops and PCs.
- 129describe the characteristics of solid statemore expensive so smaller capacity.
no moving parts so easily moved around, used when portability is important. e.g.USB - 130what are secondary storage devices needed for?hold information to access at a later date.
- 131give examples of secondary storagehard-drive, USB stick, SD-card, CD-ROM
- 132where are magnetic storage devices like a hard drive used for?holding the computers operating system
- 133describe optical storage devicesstore data as a series of dots that can be read by a laser e.g. CD. they are cheap and very durable but slow to read
- 134Which type of memory would be the most suitable for use in a handheld device used on a school field trip?solid state or flash memory
- 135Why is that type of memory suitable?quick to access, portable e.g. SD-card
- 136Why is secondary storage needed in most computer systems?To hold the operating system and other files.
You dont want to lose when the power is turned off. - 137name two types of databaserelational and flat line
- 138describe flat line data baseAll in one table
- 139disadvantages to flat line databaseslots of data redundancy, its difficult to update
- 140describe relational databaseslots of little tables linked together
- 141advantages to relational databasesremoves repetition, easy to update as you only have to change data in one table
- 142how are tables linked together in relational tables?primary and secondary keys
- 143what is a primary key?a unique attribute which can be used to identify a record
- 144what's a foreign key?a primary key from another table is used to link a record in one table to another record.
- 145what is an entity?a real world object that has data held about it.
- 146what does a table doholds data about a specific entity. they are made up of rows (records) and columns (fields)
- 147what is a form for?used to input data to be displayed and edited. they use text boxes, drop down menus and check boxes to update the database
- 148describe a query and what it is used forused to search the database and return relevant results which match the criteria
its a command used to search the database and return relevant results. - 149what is a report?reports show the data from the database in a specific layout that makes the information easy to read.
an output of data in the database in a specific format, usually printed. - 150what do modules do?add functionality to a database. modules contain statements and subroutines that are stored together as a unit and can be executed together
- 151what is a database? how are they createda persistent organised structured store of data. Data handling software like Microsoft access are used to create databases add new information and edit existing information.
- 152what is DBMSdatabase management system
- 153what does DBMS do?manages the database by creating tables, inserting data, executing queries. it also keeps data secure and is used to create relationships
- 154what does separating the applications and database mean?the database can be accessed from lots of different applications e.g. desktop and online
- 155what are customised data handling applicationsusing the DBMS to create a set of tools for setting up and maintaining a specific database. these can be created by experts to make editing the database easy for non-specialists
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- GCSE GCSE Karteikarten am Computing, erstellt von liz simpson am 28/05/2015.
- Erstellt von
- liz simpson
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