Karteikarten
Exam 2 - Terms
Karten in diesem Stapel (35)
- 1ChromatinWhat chromosomes are made of
- 2HistonesProteins that make up the Chromatin
- 3Sister ChromatidsIdentical copies of DNA formed by the replication of said DNA
- 4CentromereNarrow middle connecting the Sister Chromatids
- 5CentrosomeSpecialized Organelle involved in the process of cell division
- 6Mitotic SpindleMade of spindle fibers, separates the duplicated chromosomes
- 7FibersIndividual spindle fibers, microtubular structure present in cells
- 8CentrioleAnchors for the Spindle Fibers
- 9Cleavage FurrowIndentation in a cell as it begins to cleave/split into two cells
- 10Cell PlateEquivalent of a cleavage furrow in terrestrial plants; separates the daughter cells
- 11Cytokinesiscytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, creating daughter cells
- 12Homologous ChromosomesChromosomes that pair at meiosis; have the same structural features and pattern of genes
- 13ChromosomesStructure of nucleic acids and proteins that carry genetic information (genes)
- 14HaploidA single set of unpaired chromosomes; half the number of chromosomes
- 15DiploidContaining two complete sets of chromosomes; whole number of chromosomes, one from each parent
- 16Crossing OverSwapping of genetic material that occurs in the germ line; Allows the formation of gametes and unique genes
- 17Random Assortmentthe way chromosomes are organized in daughter cells; allows for unique genes
- 18KaryotypeAn individual's collection of chromosomes
- 19GametesSex cells; sperm or egg
Also known as germ cells - 20AutosomesNon-sex chromosomes; broad definition
- 21Sex ChromosomesChromosomes that determine the sex of an individual; X and Y chromosomes
- 22PhenotypeObservable characteristics of an individual
- 23GenotypeGenetic constitution of an organism; influences phenotypes
- 24GeneBasic unit of heredity; consists of nucleotides arranged in a linear manner; DNA
- 25AlleleDifferent forms of a gene; Hair colors, eye colors, etc.
- 26Homozygoushaving two identical alleles of a particular gene; Punnett square thing, BB, bb
- 27HeterozygousHaving two differing alleles of a particular gene; Punnett Square thing, Bb
- 28True BreedingA type of breeding in which the parent(s) with a particular phenotype produce only offspring with that same phenotype
- 29Sex-Linked InheritanceTraits inherited by the offspring that are linked to their sex chromosomes
- 30Barr BodyA small structure in the cell nuclei of female mammals, containing an inactive X chromosome; When an X chromosome expresses only one gene
- 31HemizygousAn individual who has only one member of a chromosome pair rather than the usual two
- 32Sex-Influenced TraitsAutosomal traits influenced by sex; If a male has one recessive, he will show, but a female requires two recessives
- 33Multiple AllelesThree or more alleles for a particular gene; the presence of multiple alleles (ABO blood type group)
- 34PleiotropyOne genotype impacts multiple phenotypes
- 35Polygenic InheritanceMultiple genotypes impact a single phenotype
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Terms for General Biology Exam 2
- Erstellt von
- Jester King · Mär 2022
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- 4 Mär 2022
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