Karteikarten
Anthropology Chapter 10, 11, and 12
Karten in diesem Stapel (48)
- 1PlayA framing ( or orienting context) this is (1) consciously adopted by the players (2) somehow pleasurable, and (3) systemically related to what is non-play by alluding to the non-play world and by transforming the object, roles, actions, and relations of ends and means characteristics of the non=play world.
- 2MetacomminucationCommunication about the communication itself
- 3Framinga cognitive boundary that marks certain behaviors as "PLAY" or as "ORDINARY LIFE"
- 4ArtPlay with form producing some aesthetically successful transformation-representation.
- 5MythsStories that recount how various aspects of the world came to be the way they are. The power of the myths comes from their ability to make life meaningful for those who accept them. The truth of myths seems self-evident because they effectively integrate personal experiences with a wider set of assumptions about how the world works.
- 6Orthodoxy" Correct Doctrine" the prohibition of deviation from approved mythic texts.
- 7RitualA repetitive social practice composed of a sequence of symbolic activities in the form of a dance, song, speech, gestures or the manipulation of objects adhering to a culturally defined ritual schema; and closely connected to a specific set of ideas that are often encoded with myth.
- 8Right of PassageA ritual that serves to mark the movement and transformation of an individual from one social position to another
- 9LiminalityThe ambiguous transitional state in a rite of passage in which the persons or person undergoing the ritual are outside their ordinary social positions.
- 10CommunitasAn unstructured or minimally structured community of equal individuals found frequently in rites of passage.
- 11Orthopraxy"Correct Practice"; the prohibition of deviation from approved form of ritual behavior.
- 12World ViewsEncompassing pictures of reality created by the members of society.
- 13ReligionIdeas and Practices that postulate reality beyond that which is immediately available to the senses.
- 14ShamanA part-time religious practioner who is believed to have the power to contact supernatural forces directly on behalf of individuals and groups.
- 15PriestA religious practitioner skilled in the practice of religious rituals, which he or she carries out for the benefit of the group
- 16Witch CraftThe performance of evil by human beings believed to possess an innate , nonhuman power to do evil whether it is intentional or self aware.
- 17MagicA set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible of the invisible world for specific purposes.
- 18OraclesInvisible forces to which people address questions and whose responses they believe to be truthful.
- 19NativismA return to the old ways; a movement whose members expect a messiah or prophet who will bring back a lost golden age of peace, prosperity, and harmony.
- 20RevitalizationA conscience, deliberate, and organized attempt by some members of society to create a more satisfying culture in a time of crisis.
- 21SyncretismA synthesis of old religious practices ( or an old way of life) with a new religious practices ( or a new way of life) introduced from outside often by force.
- 22Social OrganizationThe patterning of human independence in a given society through the actions and decision of its members.
- 23Economic AnthropologyThe part of the discipline of Anthropology that debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions of daily life and making a living.
- 24InstitutionsComplex, variable, and enduring forms of cultural practices that organize social life.
- 25Neoclassical Economic TheoryA formal attempt to explain the working of capitalist enterprise, with particular attention to distribution.
- 26CapitolismAn economic system dominated by the supply-demand-price mechanism called the "MARKET"; an entire way of life the grew in response to and in service of that market.
- 27StatusA particular social position in a group.
- 28Gift ExchangesA non-capitalist forms of economic exchange that are deeply embedded in social relations and always require a return gift.
- 29Commodity ExchangesImpersonal economic exchanges typical of the capitalist market in which goods are exchanged for cash and exchange partners need have nothing to do with one another.
- 30Modes of ExchangePatterns according to which distribution takes place; reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange.
- 31ReciprocityThe exchange of goods and services of equal value. Anthropologist distinguish three forms of reciprocity; generalized, in which neither the time nor the value of the return is specified; balanced , in which a return of equal value is expected within a specified time limit; and negative, in which parties to the exchange hope to get something for nothing.
- 32RedistributionA mode of exchange that requires some form of centralized social organization to receive economic contribution from all members of the group and to redistribute them in such a way as to provide for every group member.
- 33Market ExchangeThe exchange of goods (trade) calculated in terms of multipurpose medium of exchange and standard to value (money) and carried out by means of supply-demand-price mechanism (the market).
- 34LaborThe activity linking human social groups to the material world around them; from the point of view of Karl Marx, labor is therefore always a social labor.
- 35Mode of ProductionA specific, historically occurring set of social relations through which labor is deployed to wrest energy from nature by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge.
- 36Mode of ProductionThe tools, skills, organization, and knowledge used to extract energy from nature.
- 37Relations of ProductionThe social relations inking people who use a given means of production within a particular mode of production.
- 38ClassesRanked groups within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is well defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria.
- 39ConsumptionThe using up of goods necessary for human survival.
- 40AffluenceThe condition of having more than enough of whatever is required to satisfy consumption needs.
- 41PowerTransformative capacity; the ability to transform a given situation
- 42Political AnthropologyThe study of power in human society.
- 43Free AngencyThe freedom of self-contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge one another for dominance.
- 44IdeologyA world view that justifies the social arrangements under which people live.
- 45DominationCoercive Rule
- 46HegemonyThe persuasion of subordinates to accept the ideology of the dominant group by mutual accommodations that never the less preserve the ruler's privileged position.
- 47BiopowerForms of power preoccupied with bodies, both the bodies of citizens and the social body of the state itself.
- 48GovernmentalityThe art of governing appropriately to promote the welfare of population within a state.
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- Karteikarten am Anthropology Chapter 10, 11, and 12, erstellt von Tracie Irvin am 22/11/2013.
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- Tracie Irvin
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