Karteikarten
social control and culture
Karten in diesem Stapel (41)
- 1what are sanctions?either rewards for conforming to society's expectations or punishments for failing to conform
- 2what is deviance?failing to conform to society's expectations
- 3what is formal social control?sanctions being applied by official institutions
- 4what is informal social control?small treats to show your approval
- 5how do families reinforce social control?- when young we are most impressionable
- parents are seen in a powerful position
- they see their norms and values often so believe they are right
- we are unlikely to deviate without feeling guilty
- parents are role models that show clear disapproval and rewards to behaviour - 6how do schools reinforce social control?- schools have control over pupils
- you have to attend school and behave in a certain way that agrees with rules
- you are punished if you disobey rules
- schools control behaviour and demonstrate punctuality and authority - 7how do peer groups reinforce social control?- people feel a need to belong to groups and fear rejection
- you must commit to a groups norms to be accepted - 8how does religion reinforce social control?- religion offers powerful rewards for good behaviour e.g. eternity in Heaven
- these motivate followers to behave in a certain way as the consequences are powerful - 9how does the mass media reinforce social control?- news informs us on the punishments for crimes
- TV shows role models e.g. thin girls giving the message that it's more attractive
- this influences behaviour and lifestyle - 10how does the police reinforce social control?- teach us that breaking the law is wrong
- they can use force when necessary as they have more powerful sanctions e.g. handcuffs, guns, imprisonment
- army can be used for big groups when police aren't enough - 11name 4 examples of social control in the home- negative words with actions they don't like
- things taken away from them as a result of lack of respect
- tone and loudness of voice
- naughty step to show consequences and embarrassment to others - 12name 8 elements of culture- history
- language
- clothing
- rules
- sport
- music
- food
- celebrations - 13how is history an element of culture?- historic figures make history in a culture that people from other cultures are unlikely to recognise
- eg William Shakespeare is not easily recognised in cultures other than Britain - 14how is language an element of culture?- different languages are spoken in different countries and areas with different accents that are natural and fluent
- people have to learn other cultures' language as a second language
- the formality of how you speak and your word choice depends on who you're around - 15how is clothing an element of culture?- cultures have national costumes and traditional clothes that are seen as normal
- what you wear depends on class, status and age - 16how are rules an element of culture?- there are rules in every society and differ between places in a culture
- laws are set in place to protect members of society and criminals are those who break them
- some laws are unnecessary and unfamiliar to other cultures - 17how is sport an element of culture?- some sports cannot be played in some cultures sue to heat, danger of unfamiliarity with the rules
- e.g. American football is more like english rugby than football and is not very common - 18how is music an element of culture?- form of entertainment to show different emotions depending on the occasion
- used in some cultures more than others
- sometimes used on special occasions - 19how is food an element of culture?- every culture has meals that have been around for centuries and are enjoyed by most of the population
- restaurant have meals from other cultures to show we're multicultural
- new recipes can be experienced from cook books, supermarkets and fast food - 20how are celebrations an element of culture?- cultures have celebrations to show appreciation or happiness for an event
- cultures show different feelings towards an event so celebrate in different ways
- some cultures take events more seriously than others and express themselves in different ways - 21what is cultural diversity?differences between human cultures around the world
- 22what is anthropology?the study of different human cultures
- 23what is mainstream society?the way of life of most people in a culture
- 24what is a subculture?a small group in society with different beliefs and norms from others around them
- 25what are gender roles?social differences between the expected behaviour for men and women
- 26what is cultural universal?things that are common to all cultures in the world e.g. family
- 27what is cultural relativity?your sense of right or wrong depends on the culture you come from
- 28what is globalisation?all cultures are becoming more alike and more like western culture due to technology and media
- 29what is a feral child?a human who has lived away from human contact from a very young age and has little or no experience of human care or social behaviour, especially human language
- 30what is the nature vs nurture debate?the debate between whether human behaviour is innate (biological) or socialised (learned)
- 31what is the nature theory?- ideas by biologists and psychologists
- human behaviour is down to genes and natural differences
- eg men are naturally more aggressive than women because of how they're born - 32what is the nurture theory?- preferred by sociologists
- people are far more affected by how they are brought up
- eg men are more aggressive a they're brought up to play with guns and violent video games
- it's acceptable for boys to fight and they're expected to be violent - 33case study of a feral child: Genie- found in California in the 1970s
- severely neglected by parents (tied to a potty chair in the day and caged at night)
- never played, socialised or saw daylight
- never spoke to anyone and could not put words together to talk or make sense
- teenager when found - 34case study of a feral child: Oxana Malaya- found in Russia
- ignored by parents and left with a family of dogs in a kennel
- learned from the dogs to communicate
- more like a dog and finds human contact difficult now
- behaves in a dog-like fashion and barks and growls to communicate - 35do anthropologists support the nature or nurture theory and why?- nurture
- people's ideas and cultures differ depending on the culture they belong to - 36does historical evidence support the nature or nurture theory and why?- nurture
- suggests that people's ideas, behaviour and culture change over time
- if is was nature, behaviour wouldn't change over time - 37does the way we are brought up support the nature or nurture theory and why?- nurture
- people brought up without human contact are unsocialised and are known as feral children
- they usually behave in strange ways and often resemble the animals they've lived alongside - 38does socialisation support the nature or nurture theory and why?- nurture
- we're taught how to act and we learn the normal and expected behaviour of our culture - 39does David Reimer's life support the nature or nurture theory and why?- nature
- he was born as a boy but his penis was destroyed when he was a baby
- he was brought up as a girl but was never happy in the female role and felt male
- he was so unhappy he committed suicide at 38 - 40does socio-biology support the nature or nurture theory and why?- nature
- evolutionary psychology teaches that genes, biology and instinct control human behaviour - 41does the way we are pre-programmed support the nature or nurture theory and why?- nature
- we're pre-programmed to act in certain ways and do certain things
- e.g. mothers are caring for children as evolution has made one sex care for the young
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- GCSE Sociology Karteikarten am social control and culture, erstellt von Dani Dean am 11/11/2015.
- Erstellt von
- Dani Dean
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