Karteikarten
BIOLOGY- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Biology
Karten in diesem Stapel (31)
- 1Describe the properties of being alive1. Must have cells!
2. Maintain internal environment (homeostasis)
3. use energy
4. grow and develop
5. interact with the environment
6. Reproduce
7. share ancestry
8. evolve - 2Outline the levels of biological organizationAMCTOOPCEB
atoms--> molecules--> cells--> tissues-->organs-->organisms-->populations--> community --> ecosystems-->biosphere - 3Define Scientific Inquiry1) Discovery Science
ex: babies
2) Hypothesis Testing Science
ex: making an observation and turning into a hypothesis such as maple trees fall in autumn when the days get colder and shorter - 4Define hypothesisProposed explanation for a natural phenomenon
(testable, falsifiable, verifiable) - 5Define Scientific Theorybroad scope, supported by accumulated evidence from many hypotheses, leads to new hypotheses, can be modified or rejected
- 6Cell Theory1) all organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) cells are the smallest unit of life
3) new cells come from pre existing cells by cell divion - 7Principle 2: Living organisms use energyuse the energy to maintain their internal order
ex: algae harness light energy via photosynthesis - 8Principle 4: Living organisms maintain homeostasisliving cells and organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain relatively stable internal conditions
- 9Principle 9: Structure determines functionsExample: a cellular protein called actin naturally assembles into structure that are filaments: the function of these filaments is to provide support shape to cells
or a birds wings to swim - 10Principle 10: New properties of life emerge from complex interactionsEmergent properties: When individual components in an organism interact with each other or with the external environment to create structure and functions
Example: human eye us composed of different type of cells that are organized to sense incoming light and transmit signals to the brain - 11Atomssmallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of the element
- 12difference between Molecules & macromoleculesatoms bond together form molecules & smaller molecules bonded together to form a large polymer is a macromolecule
- 13cellscontains a variety of molecule and macromolecules
also smallest units of life - 14tissuesmany cells of the same type associate with each other to form tissues
- 15organscomposed of two or more type of tissues
- 16organismsall living things
- 17populationa group of the organisms of the same species
- 18communityassemblage of populations of different species that live in the same environment
- 19ecosysteminteractions between a community of organisms and its physical environement
- 20biospherethe regions on earth and in the atmosphere where living organisms exist
- 21vertical descentnew species evolve from pre-existing ones by the accumulations of mutations
- 22horizontal gene transfera process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism
example: transfer of antibiotic resistance gene from one bacterial species to another via horizontal gene transfer - 23levels of biological organization1) atom
2) molecule
3) macromolecule
4) cell
5) tissue
6) organ - 24taxonomythe grouping of species
- 25three domainsBacteria
Archaea
Eukarya - 26Prokaryoticbateria and archaea
- 27eukaryoticeukarya ; nucleus is surrounded by membrame
- 28Discovery based sciencethe collection and analysis without having a preconceived hypothesis
- 29hypothesis testingobservations --> hypothesis --> experiment--> data--> reject or support hypothesis?
- 30System BiologyUnderstanding how emergent properties arise from complex interactions
ex try to characterize an entire cellular process which is driven by dozens of different proteins - 31Making a good hypothesisFalsifiable
Testable
Verifable