Karteikarten
The Nervous System: Major Structures, Functions And How To Examine Them
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1The Central Nervous System (CNS)This comprises of the brain and the spinal chord. Controlling the higher order cognitive functions such as learninh, memory and thought.
- 2The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)This is made up of all the nerves outside of the Brain and Spinal Chord and sensory neurons. (this is divided up further into the SNS and ANS)
- 3Somatic Nervous System (SNS)Otherwise know as the voluntary system carries impulses to the skeletal muscles and sensory receptors from the brain and spinal chord
- 4Autonomic Nervous System ANSOtherwise know as involuntary carries impulses from the body's internal organs. (Is further divided into the Sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system)
- 5Sympathetic Vs ParasympatheticThe sNS is the 'fight or flight' system that prepares the body for action by increasing the animal's heart rate; blood pressure etc.
the psNS does the opposite (rest) - 6Nervesin short, they are cylindrical bundles of fibress that start at the brain and spinal chord and branch out to the rest of the body.
- 7Neuronsare a complex collection of nerves that send signals to other cells through fibres called Axons.
Causing chemicals (neurotransmitters) to be released at junctions called Synapses. - 8SynapsesIs the space between an axon and another cells membrane, commanding to the cell and the entire communication process.
- 9Sensory NeuronsSensory Neurons react to physical stimuli (light, sound, touch), and send feedback to the CNS about the current environment.
- 10Motor NeuronsLocated in the CNS or Peripheral ganglia(cluster of neurons), transmit signals to activate muscles or glands.
- 11Glial CellsSupport, protecy or nourish nerve cells
- 12ClassificationsMulti-polar = Central Nervous system - one dendrite
BiPolar = axon at both ends
Monopolar = Single Branch - input and output zones - 13MyelinAffects speed of neural impulse - covers the axon as a fatty diposite type tissue.
- 14DendriteConnected to the neuron by axon pillar
- 15Resting Membrane PotentialPotential: stored up source of electrical energy - like a battery - at rest = -70mV
De-polarisation: the inside relevant to the outside. Electrical potential becomes less negative in charge. RMP neutrally is -70mV, then becomes -65mV.
Hyperpolarisation: Inside relative to outside, electrical potential becomes more negative in charge. RMP = -85mV. - 16Maintaining the Membrane PotentialSodium-potassium pumps move two potassium ions inside the cell as three sodium ions are pumped out to maintain the negatively-charged membrane inside the cell; this helps maintain the resting potential
- 17DiffusionDiffusion: (concentration gradient = high to low).
Selective permeability: (molecules always moving from one area to another without blockage) - 18Electrostatic Pressureattract or repelled molecules, eg. ions of positive charge and ions of negative - attract, and pos + pos = repel.
- 19Ion LevelsAnions: Negatively Charged - proteins and chloride
Cations: Positively charged - sodium and potassium - 20Intracellular Fluid & Extracellular FluidDifferent concentrations of ions
- 21Action Potential
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- Beschreibung
- Taking a basic look at the nervous system, in terms of its major strucures and functionalities.
- Erstellt von
- Hannah Shakeshaft
- Aufrufe
- 60
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