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Personality Psychology Chapter 9
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- 1Limits in certain states on amount of time previous to abuse and memory slippage3 years - California
- 2Interpretation of Dreams published in1900
- 3Followers of Freud in 1902Alfred adler, Jung
- 41908 freud created thePsychoanalytic society of Vienna
- 51910International Psychoanalytic Association
- 61938Germany invasion, flew to London w/ family not long after, did not believe he should fear them
- 7psychic energysource of energy that is w/in everyone, like a wellspring of motivation
- 8instinctssource of psychic energy, strong innate forces that provide all energy in psychic system
- 9Freuds: instincts theory was based on 2 evolutionary theories1) self-preservation 2) sexual instincts
- 10sexual instincts & self-preservation becomeLife instincts (libido)
- 11watching WWI gave birth to the notion of...death instinct (thanatos)
- 12Libido/ life instinctsneed-satisfying, life-sustaining, pleasure-orientated
- 13Thanatos/ Death instincturge to destroy, harm, or aggress against others and self
- 14consciouspart of self that contains all thoughts, feelings, perceptions that you are presently aware of
- 15preconsciousinfo w/h is stored, & can easily be retrieved and made conscious
- 16unconsciousunacceptable information, hidden from consciousness so well we are unaware,
- 17nothing happens by chance of accidentevery reaction, reason, act, feeling, thought have a hidden motive/ reason
- 18Talking therapy began w/Anna O.
- 19hysteric symptoms occurred fromphysical expression of repressed traumatic experiences, need emotional catharsis to release
- 20freud gives credit toDr. Joseph Breuer
- 21blind-sight 1960sppl who are suffering from cortical blindness, often able to make judgments about objects that they believe they cannot see
- 22reasons for blind-sightoptic nerve carries info to brain, transferred to primary visual center in striate cortex; the split b/w optic center and recognition center in optic nerve gives patient ability to see even thought seeing.
- 23deliberation-without-awarenessperson can put something out of mind for a time, while the unconscious mind will continue to deliberate giving sudden feelings of knowing or arriving to a conclusion
- 24idsource of drives and urges, let off all internal pressure
- 25pleasure principledesire for immediate gratification
- 26primary process thinkingthinking w/out logical rules of conscious thought or anchor in reality
- 27wish fulfillmentsomething unavailable is conjured up and image causes temporary satisfaction
- 28egoconstrains the id to reality, redirects internal pressure
- 29reality principle egoego understands urges of id, often in conflict w/ social & physical reality
- 30direct expression (DE)in reality principle, ego uses DE to avoid, redirect, postpone id impulses
- 31secondary process thinkingdevelopment of strategies for solving problems & obtaining satisfaction
- 32superegopart of mind that internalizes values, morals, ideals of society: socialization, ID w/ parents, wants to keep all values closed
- 33superego instillsguilt, shame, embarrassment
- 34superego principlesmoral goals, ideals of perfection, source of judgment for good & bad, conscious, enforcing right & wrong, can be unrealistic and harsh
- 35mind is aclosed energy system: more energy used for one self control activity less for other
- 36ego depletionexertion of self control in face of temptation, leading a person to give up sooner
- 37Baumeister muscle control metaphorif self control is used more it is a stronger muscle
- 38defense mechanismsefforts to defend oneself from anxiety
- 393 types of anxiety1) objective 2) neurotic 3) moral anxiety
- 40Objective anxietyfear, response to real, external threat, control of ego is being threatened by outside forces
- 41neurotic anxietydirect conflict b/w id and ego: ego may lose control over id
- 42moral anxietyconflict b/w ego and superego: chronic feelings of shame, unattainable standards, low self-esteem, feels of worthlessness: overly powerful superego
- 43defense mechanisms 2 functions1) protect ego 2) minimize anxiety & distress
- 447 defense mechanisms:1) repression 2) Denial 3) displacement 4) rationalization 5) reaction formation 6) projection 7) sublimation
- 45repressionprocess of preventing unacceptable thoughts, feelings, urges from reaching conscious
- 46denialinsists that things are not way they seem, refusing facts
- 47fundamental attribution error part of denialtendency to blame events outside one's control for failure but accept responsibility for success
- 48displacementa threatening or unacceptable impulse is channeled or redirected from its original source to nonthreatening target
- 49repressors are:verbally not worried and physically aroused/ distressed, more elaborate stories w/ less memories of good or bad
- 502 occurrence of repression may happen:1) encoding stage: reaction to negative event, distorts 2) recall stage: actually repressing memory after encoding occurs
- 51rationalizationgenerating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable, fantasy is easier to accept than reality
- 52reaction formationflurry of Bhav that indicate opposite impulse, being overly kind to an angry person
- 53projectionseeing others in traits and desires we find most upsetting in ourselves, our unacceptable selves
- 54false consensus effect Ross, Greene, Housetendency may ppl have to assume that others are similar to them
- 55sublimationmost adaptive, channeling of unacceptable sexual/ aggressive instincts into socially desired activities
- 56psychosexual stages theorychildren seek sexual gratification at each stage by investing libidinal energy in specific body parts, these stages become aspects of personality that is exhibited
- 57fixationfailing to resolve a conflict w/in a stage, exhibits a less mature approach to obtaining sexual gratification
- 58Oral Stage0-18 months, pleasure comes from things coming into contact w/ mouth, conflict from w/drawing from breast, pleasure vs. dependency, fixation of mouth leads to dependency
- 59Biting at the oral stage is linked togain pleasure from being aggressive, hostile, quarrelsome, mocking
- 60Anal Stage1.5-3 years, obtains pleasure from first expelling feces, during toilet training from retaining feces, self-control is develops well or into compulsive, perfect or sloppy/ dirty
- 61Phallic stage3-5 years, he or she discovers penis, awakening of sexual desire outside
- 62Phallic stage Oedipal conflictunconscious wish to have his mother all to himself by eliminating the father
- 63Phallic stage castration anxietyfear of losing penis b/c the father wants to make a preemptive strike to rid himself of competition
- 64identification Phallic stagewanting to become like dad
- 65Penis envyLacking a penis causes a girl to blame mother, desire father and envies him, no motivation to give up those feelings
- 66Electra complex Phallic stage Jungs ideafreud rejected this idea instead believing women never succeeded in resolution of superego is never resolved causing, Jung believed women wanted to kill mother to gain fathers approval
- 67Latency stageage 6 until puberty, going to school, period of psychological rest/ latency, learning about social aspects of life
- 68Genital stagesexual awakening after puberty to adulthood, libido focuses on genitals therefore developing personality
- 69Psychoanalysisa technique for helping individuals who are experiencing a mental disorder or minor problems w/ living, reconstructing personality
- 70free associationrelax and saying whatever comes to mind, w/out censoring potentially important info is released, subtle signs are shown through non-verbal communication
- 71Dream Analysisuncovering unconscious material in a dream by interpreting dream`s content
- 72manifest contentwhat the dream actually contains
- 73latent contentwhat elements of dream represents
- 74while sleeping the ego...disguises disturbing content of our unconscious
- 75symbolsneed deciphering: how unacceptable impulses & urges are transformed by unconscious
- 763 functions of dreaming1) wish fulfillment, desire gratification in symbolic form 2) provide a safety value by releasing unconscious tension 3) guardians of sleep, no anxiety
- 77projective hypothesisperson projects personality images onto ambiguous figures
- 78interpretationspatient is led to view problematic thoughts, dreams, Bhav, symptoms, feelings have expression in unconscious conflicts
- 79insightintense emotional experience that accompanies release of repressed material
- 80resistancepatient typically feels threatened as unconscious material comes up, forces that have worked to repress disturbing impulses or trauma now work to resist process, will try to derail or avoid
- 81transferencepatient begins reacting to analyst as if an important figure in patients own life, repetition compulsion
- 824 why is psychoanalysis important1) second largest school of psychological thought 2) resurgence of interest in Freudian ideas 3) popular culture has integrated w/ it 4) laid foundation for many topics and questions
- 835 Critics of psychoanalysis1) does not have contemporary research 2) limited observations from narrow sources 3) Emphasis on sexual drives in childhood development is inappropriate 4) human nature is violent, self-centered, impulsive 5) Freud`s view of women
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- Macewan University Psychology 233 Personality Psychology : Domains of knowledge about human nature 5th edition R.J. Larsen, D.M Buss
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