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Drugs

marissasall Biology DRUG TOPIC Englisch 52 Karten

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  1. 1What are illegal recreational drugsThese are illegal to buy or use some people use them for enjoyment but these have dangerous side effects
    Eg) amphetamines, heroin
  2. 2Legal recreational drugsThese are legal to buy over the counter. Some have age restrictions on them some people use them for enjoyment but they have dangerous side effected
    Eg) alcohol
  3. 3What is a drugA drug is any substance that changes the way the chemical reactions in the body cells work
  4. 4Give examples of substances that can be called a drugParacetamol alcohol nicotine ecstasy
  5. 5Example of beneficial drugAsthma drugs
  6. 6Example of harmful drugsNicotine in cigarettes can cause harm
  7. 7Medical drugs ExamplePain killers
    Antibiotics
  8. 8Legal drugs ExampleAlcohol
    Tobacco
    Caffeine
  9. 9Illegal drugs ExampleHeroin
    Ecstasy
    Cocain
  10. 10Medical drugs DefinitionThese are drugs that can be bought over some are bought at chemists. Some are prescription drugs people usually take these to alleviate pain or to clear up sickness
    Eg pain killers
  11. 11Addiction DefinitionSome drugs are addictive eg) crystal meth. Additive drugs permanently alter the chemical reactions in the body cells so The user feels dependent on the drug to feel normal
  12. 12With draw symptoms ExampleVomiting head aches and diarrhoea
  13. 13Legal facts on CannabisEven though cannabis is illegal in Manu countries it is still smoked by millions of people around the world
    There is very little scientific research that proves that cannabis has an effect on the long term or short term memory
    Vast majority of cannabis users do not move onto hard drugs eg) heroin
  14. 14Examples Hard drugsHeron, cocaine
  15. 15Illegal facts on cannabisCannabis can cause complete mental break down
    Almost everyone who uses heroin started off using cannabis
    Cannabis smoke contains more carcinogens than cigarette smoke
  16. 16What can performance enhancing drugs be to the user ExampleThey can be dangerous
    Example
    Hy may be new and untested drugs
  17. 17Expense Performance enhancing drugsThey are usually expansive so they are not available to all athletes
  18. 18What is the result for using performance enhancing drugsUse of performance enhancing drugs in competitive sport is illegal and can result in fines prison bans from competitive sport stripping of tittles and medles
  19. 19Beneficial to user StimulantsFaster reactions
    Quicker recovery times
  20. 20Side effects of stimulantsRaised heart rate and blood pressure aggression liver and brain damage
  21. 21What type of athletes use stimulantsTennis players
    Footballers
  22. 22Benefit to user SteroidsIncreases muscle mass increases strength
  23. 23Side effects to steroidsHeart disease infertility weak ligaments and tendons aggression
  24. 24What type of athlete use steroidsWeightlifters
  25. 25Beneficial to user DiureticsProduces extra urine
    Rapid weight loss
  26. 26Side effects of diureticsDehydration
    Kidney damage
  27. 27What type of athlete uses diureticsJockeys
  28. 28Benefit to user EPOMore red blood cells increases oxygen capacity in the blood
  29. 29Side effects of EPOThickens blood causes strokes and Heart attacks
  30. 30What type of athlete uses EPOCyclists
  31. 31Benefit to user Depressants / beta blockersAKA suppressants lower blood pressure calm nerves muscle spasms
  32. 32Side effects of depressants and beta blocker sHerat attacks head aches dizziness
  33. 33What type of athlete will use depressants and beta blockersSnooker players
  34. 34Benefit to user Pain killersMask pain help endurance
  35. 35Side effects of pain killersRisk of serous injury as athletes cannot damage to cells occur
  36. 36What type of athlete will use pain killersAmerican footballers boxing
  37. 37A good medicine is EffectiveIt must prevent cure the disease it is aimed for Make you feel better
  38. 38A good medicine is SafeDrug must not be toxic and must have no unacceptable side effects
  39. 39A good medicine is StableYou need to be able to use medicine under normal conditions and store it for some time
  40. 40A good medicine is Successfully taken into and removed by the bodyMust reach its target and be removes once it has done its work
  41. 41PlacebosDuring drug trails some people are given a placebo instead of the drug to be tested.
    The placebo looks identical to the drug and is administered in the exactly the same way as the actual drug but doesn't contain any drug
  42. 42What is a double blind trailNeither the doctor or the patient know who has received the placebo and who received the drug until after the trail is compete to avoid any bias in the results
  43. 43Why are placebos givenBecause it would show if there was any improvement was due to expectation and it would show what improvement was due to the drug
  44. 44How is the optimum or best dose of drug foundGradually increase the dose/ range of dose that doesn't have a side effect
  45. 45List the 1st step of how a new drug is testedDesign a drug in a laboratory that may treat a particular disease, synthesise the drug and test on cell cultures to see if it is toxic to cells
  46. 46List the 2nd step to how a new drug is testedTest the new drug on animals to identity if it has un expected side effects in a living organism
  47. 47List the 3rd step to how new drugs are testedBegin clinical trials (tests on humans ). Initially test on a small number of healthy human volunteers to check safety in humans.
  48. 48List the 4th step of a new drug testingTest the drug on humans who are suffers of the disease. Increase the dose of the drug gradually to identify a dose that is both safe and effective
  49. 49List the 5th step of a new drug testingIf the drug passes all of these stages of testing hen a licence if granted and the drug can be prescribed by doctors
  50. 50What are stains used to doTo lower blood cholesterol levels
  51. 51What are statins used to preventTo prevent cardiovascular diseases
  52. 52Effects StatinsStatins can have rare but severe adverse effects eg) muscle damage other side effects can be an upset stomach sleeping problems ( insomnia) and head aches

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Biology DRUG TOPIC Karteikarten am Drugs, erstellt von marissasall am 19/05/2013.
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marissasall
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