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Paradigms, methods and methodology

Postpositivist (and positivist) paradigm

based on rationalist and empiricist philosophy, also test theory or discover an experience

methodology

method

general approach to research linked to the paradigm

this being

experimental

verification of deterministic theory

reductionism

correlational

quasi experimental

normative causal comparative

quantitative

Interpretivist/constructivist paradigm

seeks to understand "the world of human experience" and generate or develop a theory

methodology

method

qualitative

includes the following

naturalist

phenomenology

hermeneutics

interpretivist

ethnographic

multiple meanings

symbolic interaction

theory generation

social and historical construction

Transformative paradigm

uses mixed methods approaches that provide a more complete view of the social world

methodology

method

qualitative methods with quantitative methods

includes the following

politics

narrative

feminist

neo-Marxist

interventionist

freirean

participative

emancipatory

critical race theory

Advocacy

critical theory

Pragmatic paradigm

"what" and "how" of the problem

methodology

method

quantitative and qualitative methods to solve specific research questions

includes the following

mixed models

orientation real world practice

pluralistic

focus on problems

consequences of actions

In some research discussions methodology appears to

be central and may even be seen to replace what is in effect the preordinate role of the paradigm.