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Research Design

the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.

because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various research operations, making research as efficient as possible yielding maximal information with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money.

Observational design

which relates to the conditions under which the observations are to be made

Sampling design

which deals with the method of selecting items to be observed for the given study

Statistical design

which concerns with the question of how many items are to be observed and how the information and data gathered are to be analysed

Operational design

which deals with the techniques by which the procedures specified in the sampling, statistical and observational designs can be carried out

Different Research Designs

is needed

is

Research design in case of descriptive and diagnostic research studies

Research design in case of hypothesis-testing research studies

Research design in case of exploratory research studies

(known as experimental studies) are those where the researcher tests the hypotheses of causal relationships between variables

studies which are concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular individual, or of a group, whereas diagnostic research studies determine the frequency with which something occurs or its association with something else

The main purpose of such studies is that of formulating a problem for more precise investigation or of developing the working hypotheses from an operational Research Methodology point of view. The major emphasis in such studies is on the discovery of ideas and insights

experience survey

methods

analysis of ‘insight-stimulating’ examples

survey of concerning literature

Importante concepts related to research design

2.Extraneus variables: are independent variables that are not related to the purpose of the study, but may affect the dependent variable

1.Dependent and independent variables : a concept which can take on different quantitative values is called a variable

3.Control: is used when we design the study minimising the effects of extraneous independent variables

4.Confounded relationship: when the dependent variable is no tfree from the influence of extraneus variable(s), the relationship between the dependent and independent variables is said to be confounded by an extraneous variable(s)

5.Research hypothesis: when a prediction or a hypothesised relationship is to be tested by scientific methods

6.Experimental and non-experimental hypothesis-testing research: when the purpose of research is to test a research hypothesis

7.Experimental and control groups: in an experimental hypothesis-testing research when a group is exposed to usual conditions

8.Treatments: the different conditions under which experimental and control groups are put

9.Experiment: the process of examining the truth of a statistical hypothesis, relating to some research problem

10.Experimental unit(s): the pre-determined plots or the blocks, where different treatments are used