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ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE

Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer

Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications

In a class of microcomputers the relationship between architecture and organization is very close

Computer

A computer is a complex system; contemporary computers contain millions of elementary electronic components.

Function

Structure

DATA

Pocessing

Movement

Storage

control of these three functions

The range of processing requirements is broad but exist only a few fundamental methods or types of data processing.

The computer performs a long-term data and a short-term data storage funcion

The computer must be able to move data between itself and the outside world.

The computer’s operating environment consists of devices that serve as either sources or destinations of data. When data are received from or delivered to a device that is directly connected to the computer, the process is known as input– output (I/O)

control is exercised by the individual(s) who provides the computer with instructions.

Main memory

I/O

System interconnection

CPU

Stores data

Moves data between the computer and its external environment

Some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O.

Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions; often simply referred to as processor

Components

CPU interconnection

Registers

ALU

Control unit

Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer.

Performs the computer’s data processing functions.

Provides storage internal to the CPU.

Some mechanism that provides for communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers.

Lectura #1

Computer organization and architecture

- W. Stallings, caps. 1