STUDY GUIDE

FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING APPROACHES

Henry Sweet

Phonetics --> a categorization of sounds.

Bloomfield

Structural linguistics

Sapir

Bloomfield --> emphasis on the scientific basis of linguistics.

Michael West

Sapir --> language is an acquired function of culture.

Word-frequency lists

Skinner

Behaviourism

Only focus on observable behaviors and discounts any independent activities of the mind.

Noam Chomsky

Language acquisition device

innate predisposition for language acquisition.

- The acquisition–learning --> acquisition as a subconscious process and learning as a conscious process.

- The natural order --> language is acquired in a particular order.

- The input --> comprehension of input that is slightly more advanced than their current level (i+1).

- The monitor --> monitor language output.

- The affective filter --> emotions.

- Importance on the comprehensible input (spoken and written).

- Language --> subconsciously acquired.

- Conscious learning cannot be used as a source of spontaneous language production.

- Learning is seen to be heavily dependent on the mood of the learner.

5 hypothesis

Comprehensible input

Stephen Krashen

James Asher

Comprehension approach

Method: Total Physical Response

• Listen, watch and do

• Listen and do

• Listen and do. Change the order of the sentences.

• Listen and put pictures in order from their book

coordination of language and physical movement.

- Language is learned primarily by listening.

- Language learning must engage the right hemisphere of the brain.

Learning language should not involve any stress.

Steps of TPR

3 hypotheses based on his observations

Merrill Swain

Comprehensible output (CO)

Three functions of output

- Noticing function

- Hypothesis-testing function

- Metalinguistic function

CO facilitates second language learning in ways that differ from and enhance input.

different ways of processing information, independent of one another.

Howard Gardner

Multiple intelligences

Hymes

Comunicative Competence

- based on linguistic competence.

- based on communicative competence.

- grammatical rules of a language.

•Linguistic competence

•Sociolinguistic competence

•Discourse competence

•Strategic competence

4 competences

high frequency 2,000 words and more of the written words in any text.