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Purposes

for which the learner wishes to acquire the target language; for example, using English for business purposes, in the hotel industry, or for travel.

Setting

in which they will want to use the target language; for example, in an office, on an airplane, or in a store.

Role

the learners will assume in the target language, as well as the role of their interlocutors; for example, as a traveler, as a salesperson talking to clients, or as a student in a school.

The communicative events

in which the learners will participate: everyday situations, vocational or professional situations, academic situations, and so on; for example, making telephone calls, engaging in casual conversation, or taking part in a meeting.

The language functions

The notions or concepts involved

involved in those events, or what the learner will be able to do with or through the language; for example, making introductions, giving explanations, or describing plans.

what the learner will need to be able to talk about; for example, leisure, finance, history, religion

Discourse

for example, storytelling, giving an effective business presentation.

The varieties of the target language

such as American, Australian, or British English, and the levels in the spoken and written language which the learners will need to reach.