Flashcards
Manipulating Genomes Key Words
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1NucleotideIt is the monomer of a nucleic acid - made up of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base.
- 2DNADeoxyribose nucleic acid
- 3DeoxyriboseHas one less oxygen than a ribose sugar.
- 4Phosphodiester bondA bond formed in a condensation reaction joining a phosphate group and a pentose sugar.
- 5AAdenine
Purine - 6GGuanine
Purine - 7CCytosine
Pyrimidine - 8TThymine
Pyrimidine - 9UUracil
Pyrimidine - 10RNAA short transcribed molecule of DNA which is small enough to leave the nucleus in order to reach the site of protein synthesis.
- 11DNA PolymeraseSynthesises DNA molecules from deoxyribose nucleotides.
- 12DNA ligaseSticks the backbone of the polynucleotide together.
- 13DNA helicaseIt unzips the strands of DNA.
- 14PCRPolymerase Chain Reaction. It is a technique which amplifies DNA allowing you to increase the amount of DNA from a small sample.
- 15PrimerIt is 3/4 bases long. It starts of the double strand enabling DNA polymerase to work as it doesn't work on single strands.
- 16ElectrophoresisSeparates different size fragments of DNA using an electric current.
- 17Agarose GelThe gel used to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA or proteins.
- 18Buffer SolutionIt enables the DNA to be transmitted by the charge provided by the buffer. DNA has a negative charge provided by the phosphate group. it also keeps the pH in a narrow range which is important as DNA is made of proteins which alter their shape if the pH lies outside their range.
- 19VectorSomething that carries a substance
- 20Reverse transcriptionForms a complementary strand of RNA, called cDNA. Goes from RNA to DNA.
- 21mRNAMessenger RNA. A molecule which carries a portion of DNA code to parts of the cell for coding.
- 22Sticky endsWhen a piece of DNA is removed from the plasmid by restrictive enzymes, it leaves rough ends called sticky ends.
- 23BacteriophageA virus which parasites a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing in it.
- 24ElectroporationHigh voltage pulse which gets the vector into the recipient cell.
- 25ElectrofusionElectric fields which get the vector into the recipient cell.
- 26ECOR1A restrictive enzyme, isolated from E.coli and it cuts between G and A bases.
- 27Golden RiceIt is an example of a genetically engineered crop. The Beta-carotene gene is inserted into the plant which is a precursor for vitamin A.
- 28ExonsThese are the 2% of genes which code for proteins.
- 29IntronsThese are non-coding areas of DNA.
- 30MinisatellitesThey are short sequences of repeated DNA in introns which are 20 to 50 base pairs long. In every intron they are repeated 50 to several hundred times.
- 31VNTRVariable number tandem repeats
Another name for a minisatellite. - 32MicrosatellitesThese are even smaller than mini satellites. They are 2-4 bases long and are repeated 5-15 times.
- 33STRsShort tandem repeats. Another name for microsatellites.
- 34DNA ProfileSatellites appear in the same place on chromosomes. However the number of repeats vary between individuals. An image of these patterns is called a DNA profile.
- 35—
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- User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on Manipulating Genomes Key Words, created by Deleted user on 26/09/2017.
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- Created by Chloe Drewery · Sep 7, 2017
- Copied by Chloe Drewery · Sep 26, 2017
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