Flashcards
Learning 2014
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1Wernicke's area (usually left hemisphere)Superior temproal gyrus, area 22
-Comprehension of spoken and written language - 2Broca's area (left hemi)Inferior frontal lobe
-Motor programming of speech - 3Area analogous to Wernicke's in opposite hemisphere-Interpretation of NONverbal signals from other people
- 4Area analogous to Broca's in opposiite hemisphere-Planning NONverbal communication (emotional gestures, tone of voice)
- 5Arcuate fasciculusBundle of nerve fibers connecting Broca's and Wernicke's area
- 6AphasiaAn impairment of language
-acquired communication disorder that impairs ability to process language (not intelligence)
-Most common cause is stroke - 7Broca's AphasiaReduced speech output, short utterances, less than 4 words ("Walk dog")
-Limited vocabulary, formation of sounds is laborious and clumsy
-able to understand speech and read, limited writing - 8Wernicke's AphasiaComprehension of spoken words impaired, but can produce connected speech (fluent aphasia)
-Use of inappropriate words in meaningless sequence
- Speech patterns remain normal
-Reading and writing are often severely impaired, patients unaware of problem - 9Paraphasias (Associated with wernickes aphasia)Word substitutions (stench for wrench, hat for cat)
- 10Neologisms (Associated with Wernicke's aphasia)Newly created words
- 11Conduction AphasiaDamage to arcuate fasciculus fibers (Broca's and Wernike's area intact)
-normal comprehension of written and spoken
-Strongly paraphasic, speak in jargon, unable to repeat
-Patiends frustrated, aware it is gibberish - 12Global Aphasia-Most severe form
-Pts can produce few recognizable words and understand little or no spoken language
-Can't read or write
-Often seen immediately after a stroke, may rapidly improve (if damage not extensive) - 13DyslexiaA deficit in the ability to understand written language
-Studies show less activity in the angular gyrus (parietal lobe) - 14DysarthriaA group of speech disorders resulting from weakness, incoordination, or spasciticy of the muscles used for speaking
- 15Neural Sustrates Control Implicit learningBasal ganglia
Prefrontal cortex
Cerebellum
Primary motor and somatosensory cortices - 16Neural Substrates Control Explicit LearningTemporal cortex
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Frontoparietal association cortex - 17LearningA permanent change in behavior as a result of experience
- 18MemoryAbility to store and recall learned experiences
- 19ExplicitMemory for facts, concepts, and events
operates at conscious level
-Verbal recall and express steps of motor task
-Mental rehearsal of task - 20ImplicitIncludes memory for skills, habits, feelings
-Unconscious level - 21Motor adaptation learningGradual improvement in performance in response to altered conditions
-Impaired in Cerebellar - 22Motor sequence learning (Serial response time tasks)Elements of a sequence of movements are learned through practice. Shift from one discrete movement to the next
Impaired in PD and HD and Cerebellar (BG) - 23Motor skill learning (Rotary Pursuit test)Improved ability to perform a movement with minimal variability and maximal accuracy, minimal time and maximal energetic efficiency through practice
PD and HD impaired (BG) - 24Long-term potentiation (LTP)A sustained increase in synaptic strength elicited by brief, high-frequency stimulation of excitatory afferents
-Found in hippocampus and neocortex
-Basic Rule: cells that fire together wire together
-Synapses become increasingly sensitive so stimulation results in larger post synaptic output - 25Long-term Depression (LTD)A sustained decrease in synaptic strength that follows certain types of conditioning stimulation
-Found in cerebellum and hippocampus
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- Flashcards on Learning 2014, created by clingenhoel on 09/09/2014.
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- clingenhoel
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