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Flashcards

Physics Topic 3 Key terms

Rebecca W Physics 3 A level English 82 cards

Cards in this deck (82)

  1. 1accelerationThe rate of change of velocity, vector
  2. 2acceleration of free fallThe rate of change of velocity of an object falling in a gravitational field, symbol g
  3. 3Air ResistanceThe drag or resistive force experience by objects moving through air
  4. 4Archimedes' principleThe upthrust on an object is equal to the weight of fluid it displaces
  5. 5Average SpeedThe rate of change in distance calculated over a complete journey
  6. 6Average VelocityThe change in displacement for a journey divided by the time taken
  7. 7Braking DistanceDistance travelled by a vehicle from the time the brakes are applied until the vehicle stops
  8. 8Breaking StressThe stress value at the point of fracture, calculated by dividing the breaking force by the cross sectional area
  9. 9BrittleProperty of a material that does not show plastic deformation and deforms very little under high stress
  10. 10Centre of GravityAn imaginary point at which the entire weight of an object appears to act
  11. 11Centre of MassA point through which any externally applied force produces straight-line motion but no rotation
  12. 12Closed SystemAn isolated system that has no interaction with its surroundings
  13. 13CompressionThe decrease in length of an object when a compressive force is exerted on it
  14. 14Compressive deformationA change in the shape of an object due to compressive forces
  15. 15Compressive forceTwo or more forces together that reduce the length or volume of an object
  16. 16Constant speedMotion in which the distance travelled per unit time stays the same
  17. 17Constant velocityMotion in which the change in displacement per unit time stays the same.
  18. 18CoupleA pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a body, but not in the same straight line
  19. 19densityThe mass per unit volume of a substance
  20. 20DisplacementThe distance travelled in a particular direction, vector
  21. 21Drag ForceThe resistive force exerted by a fluid on an object moving through it
  22. 22DuctileProperty of a material that has a large plastic region in a stress-strain graph, so can be drawn into wires.
  23. 23Elastic DeformationA reversible change in the shape of an object due to a compressive or tensile force- removal of stress or force will return the object to its original shape and size
  24. 24Elastic LimitThe value of stress or force beyond which the elastic deformation becomes plastic deformation, and the material or object will no longer return to its original shape and size when the stress or force is removed
  25. 25Elastic Potential EnergyThe energy stored in an object because of its deformation
  26. 26EnergyThe capacity for doing work, measured in joules
  27. 27EquilibriumA body is in equilibrium when the net force and net moment acting on it are zero
  28. 28ExtensionThe increase in length of an object when a tensile force is exerted on it
  29. 29FluidA substance that can flow, including liquids and gases
  30. 30ForceA push or pull on an object, measured in Newtons
  31. 31Force ConstantA quantity determined by dividing force by extension/compression for an object obeying Hooke's law- called constant of proportionality 'k' in Hooke's Law, measured in Nm-1
  32. 32Force-Extension GraphA graph of force against extension/compression with the area under the graph equal to the work done on the material
  33. 33Force-time GraphA graph of net force against time, with the area under the graph equal to the impulse
  34. 34Free FallThe motion of an object accelerating under gravity with no other force acting on it
  35. 35Free-body diagramA diagram that represents the forces acting on a single object
  36. 36Gravitational Potential EnergyThe capacity for doing work as a result of an object's position in a Gravitational Field
  37. 37Hooke's LawThe force applied is directly proportional to the extension of a spring unless the limit of proportionality is exceeded
  38. 38Hysteresis LoopA loop-shaped plot obtained when, for example, loading and unloading a material produce different deformations
  39. 39ImpulseThe area under a force-time graph, the product of force and the time for which the force acts
  40. 40Inelastic CollisionA collision in which kinetic energy is lost
  41. 41Instantaneous SpeedThe speed at the moment it is measured- speed over an infinitesimal interval of time
  42. 42Kinetic EnergyThe energy associated with an object as a result of its motion
  43. 43Limit of proportionalityThe value of stress or force beyond which the stress is no longer directly proportional to strain
  44. 44Linear MomentumA property of an object travelling in a straight line, the product of its mass and velocity, measured in kgms-1 or Ns
  45. 45Loading CurveA force-extension graph
  46. 46MassAmount of matter, measured in kilograms
  47. 47momentThe product of force and perpendicular distance from a pivot or stated point
  48. 48Newton's First Law of MotionA body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by another resultant force
  49. 49Newton's Second Law of MotionThe rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force and takes place in the direction of the force (F=ma)
  50. 50Newtons Third Law of MotionWhen two objects interact, each exerts an equal but opposite force on the other during the interaction
  51. 51Normal Contact ForceThe force exerted by a surface on an object, which acts perpendicularly to the surface
  52. 52Perfectly Elastic CollisionA collision in which no kinetic energy is lost
  53. 53PivotA point about which a body can rotate
  54. 54Plastic DeformationAn irreversible change in the shape of an object due to a compressive or tensile force- removal of the stress or force produces permanent deformation
  55. 55Plumb-lineA string with a weight used to provide a vertical reference line
  56. 56PolymericDescription of a material comprising of long-chain molecules, such as a rubber, which may show large strains.
  57. 57PowerRate of work done, measured in watts
  58. 58PressureThe force exerted per unit cross-sectional area, measured in pascals
  59. 59Principle of conservation of energyThe total energy of a closed system remains constant- energy cannot be created nor can it be destroyed
  60. 60Principle of conservation of momentumTotal momentum of a system remains the same before and after a collision
  61. 61Principle of MomentsFor a body in rotational equilibrium, the sum of the anticlockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of the clockwise moments about the same point
  62. 62ProjectileAn object that is thrown or propelled on the surface of the Earth
  63. 63Restoring ForceA force that tries to return a system to its equilibrium position
  64. 64StiffnessThe ability of an object to resist deformation
  65. 65Stopping DistanceThe total distance travelled from the time when a driver first sees a reason to stop to the time when the vehicle stops, the sum of thinking distance and braking distance
  66. 66Strong MaterialA material with a large value for the ultimate tensile strength
  67. 67Tensile DeformationA change in the shape of an object due to tensile forces
  68. 68Tensile ForceEqual and opposite forces acting on a material to stretch it
  69. 69Tensile strainThe extension per unit length, and dimensionless quantity
  70. 70Tensile StressThe force per unit cross-sectional area, measured in Pascals
  71. 71TensionThe pulling force exerted by a string, cable, or chain on an object
  72. 72Terminal velocityThe constant speed reached by an object when the drag force and upthrust is equal and opposite to the weight of the object
  73. 73Thinking distanceThe distance travelled by a vehicle from when the driver first perceives a need to stop to when the brakes are applied
  74. 74Time of flightThe time taken for an object to complete its motion
  75. 75Torque of a coupleThe product of one of the forces of a couple and the perpendicular distance between the forces
  76. 76Ultimate Tensile StrengthThe maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks
  77. 77Uniform Gravitational FieldA gravitational field in which the field lines are parallel and the value for g remains constant
  78. 78UpthrustThe upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid
  79. 79VelocityA vector quantity equal to the rate of change of displacement
  80. 80weightThe gravitational force on an object, measured in newtons
  81. 81workThe product of force and distance moved in the direction of force, measured in joules
  82. 82Yield pointA point on a stress-strain graph beyond which the deformation is no longer entirely elastic

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Description
A level Physics 3 Flashcards on Physics Topic 3 Key terms, created by Rebecca W on 14/04/2018.
Created by
Rebecca W · Apr 2018
Updated
Apr 14, 2018
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