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Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections

Sonja Hutchens English 33 cards

Cards in this deck (33)

  1. 1How should common colds be treated?-Analgesics
    -Nasal decongestants, sprays, oral
    -Cough Suppressants
  2. 2How old do you have to be before treating cold symptoms?kids should be older than 2
  3. 3How long do flu symptoms lastSymptoms usually last 3-7 days, cough may last over 2 weeks.
  4. 4Which strain of the flu is responsible for epidemics?influenza A
  5. 5How is the flu transmitted?respiratory secretions
    -viral shedding before onset of illness and then for 24-48 hours after
  6. 6What is the clinical presentation fo the flu?1) Fever, chills, headache, myalgias
    2) cough, nasal congestion
  7. 7What antivirals are recommended if suspected or confirmed influenza?Zanamivir, oseltamivir, premivir
  8. 8What patients should not be given Zanamivir?patients with COPD or asthma should not be given as it can cause bronchospasm
  9. 9How old should the patient be before prescribing zanamivir?>5yrs for prophylaxis
    >7 years for treatment
  10. 10When should a patient not be give oseltamivir?if they have renal failure
    -the dose should be decreased to 75mg QD if CrCl,< 30
  11. 11When should you consider giving paramavir?if the patient is unable to take oral medications
    -is very expensive
    -only give if the patient has had symptoms less than 2 days
  12. 12What criteria must be me in order for patients with egg allergies to be given the flu vaccine?if they have only had hives to past vaccinations (have to wait 30 mins after administration)
  13. 13What symptoms indicate that phyngitis is viral?no severe pain, normal appearance, cough, no fever and no N/V
  14. 14How should strep throat be treated in children?Amoxicillin 50 mg/day once daily(max 1,000 mg)
  15. 15How should strep throat be treated if a child is allergic to penicillin?Clina(7mg/kg TID max 300mg/dose) OR Azithromycin(12mg/kg once daily, max 500mg for one day then 6mg/kg once daily, max 250mg for four days)
  16. 16How should a child be treated if they are a carrier of strep?Clinda 20-30 mg/kg/day orally in three divided doses (max 300 mg/dose)
  17. 17How should otitis media be treated in children?amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/day divided twice daily treatment 5-7day(10 days)
  18. 18If a child initially fails treatment for otitis media how what is your next step?if they fail within 72H then amoxicillin-clavulanate 90 mg/kg/day(amox) divided twice daily
  19. 19What meds are specifically not first lne for otitis media due to resistance?Cephalosporins
    Macrolides
    TMP/SMX – not recommended due to resistance
    Quinolones are not approved in children
  20. 20What symptoms are specific to abute bronchitis?Hoarseness
    Substernal pain
    No evidence of consolidation
  21. 21When is bronchtis considered chronic?Coughing up sputum on most days during 3 consecutive months for more than 2 consecutive years
  22. 22How should an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis be treated?Antibiotic therapy for 7-10 days for acute infectious exacerbations
    TMP/SMX 1 DS BID
    Doxycycline 100 mg BID
    Amoxicillin Clavulanate 875/125 BID
    Clarithromycin 500 mg BID
    Azithromycin 500 mg x 1; 250 QD x 4
    Levofloxacin 500 mg QD
    Systemic steroids
  23. 23What organisms that cause pneumonia are not visible on gram stain?M. pneumonia
    Legionella pneumophila
    Viruses
  24. 24Are community acquired or hospital acquired pneumonia more likely to be gram (-)?hospital acquired
  25. 25How should community acquired outpatient treatment for pneumonia?macrolide(azithromycin) or doxycycline
  26. 26What are some risk factors for bbeata-lactam resistant s. pneumonia?Age <2 yrs or > 65 years
    B-lactam therapy within the previous 3 months
    Alcoholism, immunosuppressive illness or therapies
    Exposure to a child in a day care center
  27. 27How should PRSP pneumonia be treated?B-lactam PLUS macrolide
    Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin/Clavulanate or cephalosporin
    Azithromycin or Clarithromycin (Doxycycline may be used for macrolide but not preferred)
  28. 28How should inpatient community acquired pneumonia be treated?Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone with or without a macrolide or doxycycline
    Or
    Fluoroquinolone alone
    (NO cipro)
  29. 29How should community acquired inpatient treatment be approached for patients in the ICU?Macrolide or fluoroquinolone
    Plus
    Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone
    Or
    B-lactam/b-lactamase inhibitor combination
  30. 30HAP/VAP Late Onset, MDR risk pneumonia be treated?Combination Therapy
    Antipseudomonal cephalosporin OR
    Antipseudomonal carbapenem OR
    Blactam/blactamase inhibitor
    PLUS
    Antipseudomonal fluoroquinolone OR
    Aminoglycoside
    PLUS
    Vancomycin or linezolid
  31. 31What is empyema?Collection of pus in a cavity, hollow organ or space
  32. 32What is a lung abscess?Pulmonary infection involving the destruction of the lung parenchyma to produce cavities with an air-fluid level.
  33. 33How should a lung abscess be treated?Penicillin plus Clindamycin or Metronidazole
    3rd gen. Cephalosporin plus Clindamycin or Metronidazole
    Carbapenem
    B-lactam-bDuration: 2-4 months

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Description
Pharmacology of respiratory tract infectious
Created by
Sonja Hutchens
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