Flashcards
Skills Check #2 Goniometry
Cards in this deck (59)
- 1Knee FlexionAAOS Value: 135
Position: Supine
Axis: Lateral Femoral Condyle
S Arm: Greater Trochanter
M Arm: Lateral Malleolus
Geometry: Concave Tibia on Convex Femur
Limiting: Soft Tissue - 2Knee ExtensionAAOS Value: 10
Position: Supine with roll under heel
Axis: Lateral Femoral Condyle
S Arm: Greater Trochanter
M Arm: Lateral Malleolus
Geometry: Concave Tibia on Convex Femur
Limiting: Posterior Capsule/Muscular - 3Elbow FlexionAAOS Value: 150
Position: Supine
Axis: Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
S Arm: Mid-line Humerus
M Arm: Radial Styloid
Geometry: Concave Ulna on Convex Humerus
Limiting: Soft tissue - 4Elbow ExtensionAAOS Value: 0
Position: Supine with towel under elbow
Axis: Lateral Humeral Epicondyle
S Arm: Mid-line Humerus
M Arm: Radial Styloid
Geometry: Concave Ulna on Convex Humerus
Limiting: Olecranon Process/Fossa - 5Glenohumeral FlexionAAOS Value: 180 (120 from GH/60 from scapularthoracic)
Position: Supine Hookline
Axis: Acromion
S Arm: Mid-axillary line
M Arm: Mid-line of Humerus
Geometry: Convex Humeral Head on Concave Glenoid Fossa
Limiting: Posterior/inferior capsule - 6Glenohumeral ExtensionAAOS Value: 60
Position: Prone
Axis: Acromion
S Arm: Mid-axillary line
M Arm: Mid-line Humerus
Geometry: Convex Humeral Head on Concave Glenoid Fossa
Limiting: Anterior Capsule/GH ligament - 7Glenohumeral AbductionAAOS Value: 180 (120 from GH/60 from scapularthoracic)
Position: Supine Hookline
Axis: Acromion
S Arm: Parallel to Sternum
M Arm: Lateral Epicondyle
Geometry: Convex Humeral Head on Concave Glenoid Fossa.
Limiting: Inferior Capsule/Acromion - 8Glenohumeral Internal RotationAAOS Value: 70
Position: Supine hookline with towel under distal Humerus
Axis: Olecranon Process
S Arm: Line of gravity upward
M Arm: Ulnar Syloid
Geometry: Convex Humeral Head on Concave Glenoid Fossa
Limiting: Posterior Capsule - 9Glenohumeral External RotationAAOS Value: 90
Position: Supine hookline with towel under distal Humerus
Axis: Olecranon Process
S Arm: Line of gravity upward
M Arm: Ulnar Styloid
Geometry: Convex Humerus on concave Glenoid Fossa
Limiting: Anterior capsule/superior GH Ligament - 10Forearm PronationAAOS Value: 80
Position: Seated with elbow bent and thumb pointed upward
Axis: Outside of wrist
S Arm: Line of gravity upward
M Arm: Ulnar Styloid
Geometry: Proximally- Convex Radial Head on concave Radial Notch
Distally- Concave Radius on convex Ulna
Limiting: Radius on Ulna - 11Forearm SupinationAAOS Value: 80
Position: Seated with elbow bent and thumb pointed up
Axis: Inside of wrist
S Arm: Line of gravity upward
M Arm: Radial Styloid
Geometry: Proximally- Convex Radial Head on concave Radial Notch
Distally- Concave Radius on convex Ulna
Limiting: Pronator Teres/Quadratis - 12Wrist ExtensionAAOS Value: 70
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm on table, fingers relaxed
Axis: Proximal Triquetrum
S Arm: Mid-line Ulna
M Arm: Mid-line 5th Metacarpal
Geometry: Convex Lunate on concave Radius
Limiting: Palmar Joint Capsule
Note: May also place goniometer on ventral or dorsal side of hand
Note: May also use M arm on mid-line of 2nd Metacarpal to avoid movement at the 5th Metacarpal. - 13Wrist FlexionAAOS Value: 80
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm on table, fingers relaxed
Axis: Proximal Triquetrum
S Arm: Mid-line Ulna
M Arm: Mid-line 5th Metacarpal
Geometry: Convex Lunate on concave Radius
Limiting: Dorsal Capsule - 14Wrist Ulnar DeviationAAOS Value: 30
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm and hand on table
Axis: Proximal Lunate
S Arm: Lateral Epicondyle
M Arm: 3rd metacarpal
Geometry: Convex Lunate on concave Radius
Limiting: Radial joint capsule - 15Wrist Radial DeviationAAOS Value: 20
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm and hand on table
Axis: Proximal Lunate
S Arm: Lateral Epicondyle
M Arm: 3rd Metacarpal
Geometry: Convex Lunate on Concave Radius
Limiting: Radial Styloid and Scaphoid - 16MCP FlexionAAOS Value: 90 (50 for thumb)
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm on table
Axis: Middle of dorsal MCP Joint
S Arm: Dorsal side of Metacarpal
M Arm: Mid-line of proximal phalanx
Geometry: Concave Proximal Phalanx on Convex Metacarpal
Limiting: Dorsal Capsule - 17MCP ExtensionAAOS Value: 45
Position: Seated with arm bent and forearm on table
Axis: Middle of dorsal MCP Joint
S Arm: Dorsal side of Metacarpal
M Arm: Mid-line of Proximal Phalanx
Geometry: Concave Proximal Phalanx on convex Metacarpal
Limiting: Palmar Capsule - 18PIP FlexionAAOS Value: 100
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm on table
Axis: Dorsal side of PIP joint
S Arm: Mid-line Proximal Phalanx
M Arm: Mid-line Middle Phalanx
Geometry: Convex Proximal Phalanx on concave Middle Phalanx
Limiting: Dorsal Capsule - 19DIP FlexionAAOS Value: 90 (80 for thumb)
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm on table
Axis: Dorsal side of DIP Joint
S Arm: Mid-line Middle Phalanx
M Arm: Mid-line Distal Phalanx
Geometry: Convex Distal Phalanx on concave Middle Phalanx
Limiting: Dorsal Capsule - 20Thumb Palmar AbductionAAOS Value: 70
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm and hand on table, thumb pointing up
Axis: Radial Styloid
S Arm: Mid-line Radius
M Arm: Mid-line 1st Metacarpal
Geometry: Concave 1st Metacarpal on convex Trapezium
Limiting: Anterior Capsule - 21Thumb Radial AbductionAAOS Value: 20 (measured from neutral, will need to subtract final from neutral position)
Position: Seated with arm bent, forearm and hand supinated on table
Axis: Scaphoid
S Arm: Mid-line 2nd Metacarpal
M Arm: Mid-line 1st Metacarpal
Geometry: Concave 1st Metacarpal on convex Trapezium
Limiting: Radial Capsule - 22Hip FlexionAAOS Value: 120
Position: Supine
Axis: Greater Trochanter
S Arm: Mid-line of Flank
M Arm: Lateral Femoral Epicondyle
Geometry: Convex Femoral Head on concave Acetabulum
Limiting: Soft Tissue
Note: Palpate ASIS, Flexion stops when Pelvis falls into posterior tilt. - 23Hip ExtensionAAOS Value: 20
Position: Prone
Axis: Greater Trochanter
S Arm: Mid-axillary line
M Arm: Lateral Femoral Epicondyle
Geometry: Convex Femoral Head on Concave Acetabulum
Limiting: Anterior Capsule
Note: Palpate PSIS, Extension stops when Pelvis falls into anterior tilt. - 24Hip External RotationAAOS Value: 45
Position: Prone with knee bent 90 degrees
Axis: Inferior Patella
S Arm: Line of gravity upward
M Arm: Mid-line of Anterior Tibia
Geometry: Convex Humeral Head on concave Acetabulum
Limiting: Anterior Capsule
Note: When prone, the foot moves medially during external rotation - 25Hip Internal RotationAAOS Value: 45
Position: Prone with knee bent 90 degrees
Axis: Inferior Patella
S Arm: Line of gravity upward
M Arm: Mid-line Anterior Tibia
Geometry: Convex Femoral Head on concave Acetabulum
Limiting: Posterior Capsule - 26Hip AbductionAAOS Value: 40
Position: Supine
Axis: Same side ASIS
S Arm: Opposite side ASIS
M Arm: Mid-line Femur
Geometry: Convex Femoral Head on concave Acetabulum
Limiting: Medial Capsule/Adductor muscles - 27Hip AdductionAAOS Value: 30
Position: Supine with opposite leg abducted
Axis: Same side ASIS
S Arm: Opposite side ASIS
M Arm: Mid-line Femur
Geometry: Convex Femoral Head on Concave Acetabulum
Limiting: Lateral Capsule/Abductor muscles - 28Talocrural DorsiflexionAAOS Value: 20
Position: Prone with knee bent 90 degrees, foot in subtalar neutral
Axis: Lateral Malleolus
S Arm: Fibular Head
M Arm: Parallel to 5th Metatarsal
Geometry: Convex Talus on concave Mortise
Limiting: Posterior Capsule - 29Talocrural PlantarflexionAAOS Value: 50
Position: Prone with knee bent 90 degrees, foot in subtalar neutral
Axis: Lateral Malleolus
S Arm: Fibular Head
M Arm: Parallel to 5th Metatarsal
Geometry: Convex Talus on concave Mortise
Limiting: Anterior Capsule - 30Subtalar InversionAAOS Value: 2/3 inversion 1/3 eversion
Position: Prone figure 4, foot in subtalar neutral
Axis: Break of Achilles Tendon
S Arm: Mid-line of leg
M Arm: Mid-line of Calcaneous
Geometry: Concave Calcaneous on convex Talus
Limiting: Lateral Capsule
Note: Bisect Calcaneous and lower 1/3 of leg with a pen - 31Subtalar EversionAAOS Value: 2/3 inversion 1/3 eversion
Position: Prone figure 4, foot in subtalar neutral
Axis: Break of Achilles Tendon
S Arm: Mid-line of leg
M Arm: Mid-line of Calcaneous
Geometry: Concave Calcaneous on convex Talus
Limiting: Medial Capsule
Note: Bisect Calcaneous and lower 1/3 of leg with a pen - 32Midtarsal InversionAAOS Value: 5 to 1 in favor of inversion
Position: prone figure 4, foot in subtalar neutral
Axis: Outside of foot
S Arm: Perpendicular to Calcaneous
M Arm: Plantar side of foot
Geometry: Concave Metatarsal base on convex Cuboid and Cuneiforms
Limiting: Lateral Capsule - 33Midtarsal EversionAAOS Value: 5 to 1 in favor of inversion
Position: Prone figure 4, foot in subtalar neutral
Axis: Inside of foot
S Arm: Perpendicular to Calcaneous
M Arm: Plantar side of foot
Geometry: Concave Metatarsal base on convex Cuboid and Cuneiforms
Limiting: Medial Capsule - 34MTP ExtensionAAOS Value: 70
Position: Supine with towel under ankle and 1st ray dropped
Axis: Medial foot at middle of MTP Joint
S Arm: Mid-line of 1st Metatarsal
M Arm: Mid-line of 1st proximal phalanx
Geometry: Concave Proximal Phalanx on convex 1st Metatarsal
Limiting: Plantar Capsule - 35MTP FlexionAAOS Value:45
Position: Supine with towel under the ankle and 1st ray dropped
Axis: Medial foot at middle of MTP Joint
S Arm: Mid-line of 1st Metatarsal
M Arm: Mid-line of 1st Proximal Phalanx
Geometry: Concave Proximal Phalanx on convex 1st Metatarsal
Limiting: Dorsal Capsule - 36Cervical Rotation - GoniometerAAOS Value: 60
Position: Seated with neutral spine
Axis: Crown of Head
S Arm: Forward in sagittal plane
M Arm: Over top of nose
Geometry: Concave Atlas on convex Axis
Limiting: Opposite side rotation - SCM
Same side rotation - Facet Joints - 37Cervical Rotation - InclinometerNorm: 60
Inclinometer Position: Middle of forehead
Patient Position: Supine - 38Cervical Side Bending - GoniometerAAOS Value: 45
Position: Seated; neutral spine
Axis: C7 Spinous Process
S Arm: Line of gravity upward
M Arm: Inion
Limiting: Scalenes - 39Cervical Side Bending - InclinometerAAOS Value: 45
Inclinometer Position: Crown of Head in Frontal Plane
Patient Position: Seated; neutral spine - 40Cervical Flexion - GoniometerAAOS Value: 45
Position: Seated; neutral spine
Axis: External Auditory Meatus
S Arm: Line of Gravity Upward
M Arm: Base of Nares
Limiting: Splenius/Supraspinous Ligaments
Note: "zero" is at 90, so subtract measurement from 90 - 41Cervical Flexion - InclinometerNorm: 45
Inclinometer Position: Crown of Head in Sagittal Plane
Patient Position: Seated; neutral spine - 42Cervical Extension - GoniometerAAOS Value: 45
Position: Seated; neutral spine
Axis: External Auditory Meatus
S Arm: Line of Gravity Upward
M Arm: Base of Nares
Limiting: Strap Muscles if the patient can continue when mouth is open
Note: "zero" is at 90 so subtract measurement from 90 - 43Cervical Extension - InclinometerNorm: 45
Inclinometer Position: Crown of Head in the Sagittal Plane
Patient Position: Seated; neutral spine - 44Thoracolumbar Side Bending - GoniometerAAOS Value: 35
Position: Standing
Axis: S1 Spinous Process
S Arm: Line of Gravity Upward
M Arm: T1 Spinous Process
Limiting: Quadratus Lumborum/Lats/External Oblique - 45Thoracolumbar Side Bending - InclinometerNorm: 35
Inclinometer Position: S1 and T1 Spinous Process in the Frontal Plane (find the difference)
Patient Position: Standing - 46Thoracic Side Bending - GoniometerAAOS Value: None
Position: Standing
Axis: L1 Spinous Process
S Arm: Line of Gravity Upward
M Arm: T1 Spinous Process
Limiting: Quadratus Lumborum/Lats/External Oblique - 47Thoracic Side Bending - InclinometerNorm: None
Inclinometer Position: L1 and T1 Spinous Process in Frontal Plane (find the difference)
Patient Position: Standing - 48Lumbar Side Bending - GoniometerAAOS Value: None
Position: Standing
Axis: S1 Spinous Process
S Arm: Line of Gravity Upward
M Arm: L1 Spinous Process
Limiting: Quadratis Lumborum/Lats/External Oblique - 49Lumbar Side Bending - InclinometerNorm: None
Inclinometer Position: S1 and L1 Spinous Process in the Frontal Plane (find the difference)
Patient Position: Standing - 50Thoracolumbar RotationAAOS Value: 45
Position: Seated; feet on floor; arms folded across body; head on elbows
Axis: Crown of Head
S Arm: Straight Forward
M Arm: Directly above Sternum
Limiting: Facet Joints - 51Thoracolumbar Flexion - Modified SchoberNorm: 7 cm
Position: Standing
Tape Measure Position: S1 to T1 Spinous Process - 52Thoracolumbar Flexion - InclinometerAAOS Value: 80
Inclinometer Position: S1 and T1 Spinous Process in Sagittal Plane (find the difference)
Patient Position: Standing - 53Lumbar Flexion - Modified SchoberNorm: None
Position: Standing
Tape Measure Position: S1 to L1 Spinous Process - 54Lumbar Flexion - InclinometerAAOS Value: 30
Inclinometer Position: S1 and L1 Spinous Process in Sagittal Plane (find the difference)
Patient Position: Standing - 55Thoracic Flexion - Modified SchoberNorm: None
Position: Standing
Tape Measure Position: L1 to T1 Spinous Process - 56Thoracic Flexion - InclinometerAAOS: 50
Inclinometer Position: L1 and T1 Spinous Process in the Sagittal Plane (find the difference)
Patient Position: Standing - 57TMJ ProtractionNorm: 5-7 mm
Position: Seated - 58TMJ Lateral DeviationPosition: Seated
Norm: 9mm - 59TMJ OpeningNorm: 40-50 mm
Position: Seated
Information
- Description
- Stationary Arm- Placed on proximal segment (the arm with a circle). Moving Arm- Placed on distal segment. Axis- Placed in the middle of a joint (pin connecting stationary/movement arms). Use PROM with over pressure Use good mechanics Always look at goniometer straight on Watch patient's face for signs of pain Use consistent approach Use the correct sized goniometer Always use the same tester Avoid parallax ***Repeat measurements
- Created by
- Jordan Waugh
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