Flashcards
Development intro
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1overview 1. Positional info 2a. Differentiation 2b. Morphogenesis 3..Development- cell signalling
- differential gene expression
- growth/changes in cell shape/cell movement
- zygote to orgaanism - 2development in action - cell division - cell death - cell movement– cell cycle
- apoptosis
– cytoskeleton - 3model organisms- nematode e.g;. C.elegans
- D.melanogaster as they develop fast, have a small genome
- zebrafish
- chicken
- mouse (most common to humans) - 4Early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis (African clawed toad)stage 1 - fertilisation of egg
stage 2 - zygote cleavage
stage 3 - morula forms but no growth
stage 4 - blastula forms - 5stage 5 - gastrulation jobs- Forms gut from anus (dorsal) to mouth (ventral)
- Forms primary germ layers e.g. yellow endo- (gut), blue ecto- (muscle, heart, blood) & red meso- (cuticle, nervous system) derm - 6Induction - Cell fates determined by signals received from other cells- Direct cell-cell contact
- Induction at a distance – diffusible signals - 7e.g. 1 Induction of the vertebrate eye1. optic vesicles develop into optic cups
2. Optic cup forms retina
3. Invaginated ectoderm forms lens
4. Overlying ectoderm forms cornea - 8Important receptors in development- TGF beta
- RTK's
- wnt's
- hedgehogs
- Notch (delta) - 9Morphogens – the French flag model1. each cell can develop to blue, white or red
2. morphogen diffuses across cells and its conc. determines cell position
3. done by observing cells' differentiation pattern - 10e.g. 2 Induction in Limb developmentZPA develops digits (fingers and toes) in order
- 112-way induction in kidney development - Bud induces mesenchyme-epithelium transition to form tubules1. ureteric bud - epithelium in metanephric blasterna - mesenchyme induced bud branching - collecting duct
2. cellular condensation forms tubules - duct fusion - glomerulus - 12The Ret RTK is required for kidney development1. mesenchyme secretes GDNF
2. GDNF binds receptor on ureteric bud
3. GDNFR + ret RTK + GDNF forms dimer and downstream cascade - 13Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) may be the ureteric bud signalLIF diffuses into mesenchymes, stimulating budding
- 14—
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- Uni BIOL 211: Cell biology Flashcards on Development intro, created by Jumael Zafar on 05/12/2019.
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- Jumael Zafar
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