Flashcards
Genetics Definitions
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1Define ChromosomeA chromosome is a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of most living cells, it contains genetic information in the form of genes
- 2GeneA short length of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristic
- 3AlleleDifferent forms of the same gene, they can be dominant or recessive
- 4NucleotideNucleotides form the basic structural unit of DNA. Made up of a sugar, a phosphate and a base
- 5BaseParts of the DNA that are involved in pairing. The bases are A, T, G , C
- 6VariationThe differences between organisms within a population. Can be continuos or discontinuous
- 7MitosisMitosis is a type of cell division that occurs wherever more cells are needed (growth and repair) producing two new cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells and each other.
- 8MeiosisType of cell division that occurs in the testes and ovaries. It produces four new cells (gametes) that are different to each other and to the parent cell. They contain half the chromosomes that are in the parent cell.
- 9GameteMale or female reproductive cells (sperm and ova) that contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell.
- 10ZygoteA fertilised ova (egg) that contains the full set of chromosomes.
- 11Asexual ReproductionReproduction only involving only one parent. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other
- 12Sexual ReproductionReproduction involving two parents, the offspring are different to the parent and each other
- 13TraitGenetically determined characteristic
- 14MutationChange in the base sequence of DNA
- 15GenotypeThe particular alleles of an organism
- 16PhenotypeThe observable characteristics of an individual resulting from its genotype
- 17HomozygousAn individual with two alleles that are the SAME for a particular trait
- 18HetrozygousAn individual with two alleles that are DIFFERENT for a particular trait
- 19Pedigree ChartA diagram that shows the phenotype of related individuals
- 20Test CrossA cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait. The unknown genotype can be determined by the offspring.
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- Science (Biology ) Flashcards on Genetics Definitions, created by WallisSophia on 23/10/2013.
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