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Flashcards

Pharmacology I (100 Flash Cards)

ACAPUN INSTITUTE Flashcards: Pharmacology Praxis Spanish 90 cards

Pharmacology I (100 Flash Cards)

Cards in this deck (90)

  1. 1Streptomycin MOABinds to 30S ribosome & changes its structure
    -aminoglycoside    Streptomycin MOA
  2. 2Tetracycline MOABinds to 30S subunit & blocks tRNA from coming into the "A" site (EPA)
    -can cuase tooth stain due to a mis-sense mutation    Tetracycline MOA
  3. 3RifampinFights tuberculosis by interfering with tranSCRIPTIONRifampin
  4. 4Aminoglycosides MOA-Streptomycin
    binds to 30S ribosome and inhibit translation    Aminoglycosides MOA
  5. 5Streptomyin, tetraycin, and clindamycin MOAInhibit ribosomes AND translation (protein synthesis)Streptomyin, tetraycin, and clindamycin MOA
  6. 6Antibiotics that bind to the 50S subunit?Clindamycin & erythroycin
    -erythromycin and penicillin are antagonistic to each other and will CANCEL each other out so don't give togehter    Antibiotics that bind to the 50S subunit?
  7. 7What happens if you give penicillin and erythromycin together?They are antagonistic to each other and will cancel each other out so DON'T give togetherWhat happens if you give penicillin and erythromycin together?
  8. 8Methotrexate MOA-Used to treat cancer
    -incorporated into DNA S phase of the cell cycle
    -Inhibits production of tetrahydrofolic acid (TFA)
    -TFA is used by some enzymes in purine and pyrimidine synthesis so methotrexate stops production of purines and pyrimidines    Methotrexate MOA
  9. 9Sulfonamide MOALook like PABA & compete to inhibit in the synthesis of folic aid
    -therefore, cannot make purines & pyramidines    Sulfonamide MOA
  10. 10Streptomycin does whatBinds to ribosome and changes its structureStreptomycin does what
  11. 11Clindamycin/erythromycinBinds to ribosome 50s subunit and prevents it from moving along mRNAClindamycin/erythromycin
  12. 12Fluorouracil MOAInhibits thymidylate synthaseFluorouracil MOA
  13. 13What clotting value(s) does warfarin increase?PTT and PTWhat clotting value(s) does warfarin increase?
  14. 14TOPICAL AntifungalsMycelex (clotrimazole)
    Nystatin    TOPICAL Antifungals
  15. 15SYSTEMIC Antifungals- Flucanazole
    - Amphotericin B
    - Ketocanzole    SYSTEMIC Antifungals
  16. 16flucanazole =Diflucanflucanazole =
  17. 17Systemic antifungal in HIV ptfluconazoleSystemic antifungal in HIV pt
  18. 18tx for vaginal candidiasisfluconazoletx for vaginal candidiasis
  19. 19systemic antifungalfluconazolesystemic antifungal
  20. 20troch, dissolve and swallowmycelex (clotrimazole)troch, dissolve and swallow
  21. 21oral rinsenystatinoral rinse
  22. 22tx for candida that can wipe awaynystatintx for candida that can wipe away
  23. 23systemic med for candidaamphotericin Bsystemic med for candida
  24. 24angular chelitisnystatin
    *think dentures... you can get AC from wearing dentures.. you will want to rinse the dentures as well as the mouth... think NYSTATIN rinse    angular chelitis
  25. 25oral fungal infectionnystatinoral fungal infection
  26. 26Antifungal for ORAL candidiasis (2x)clotrimazole and nystatinAntifungal for ORAL candidiasis (2x)
  27. 27Action of clotrimazolealter the enzyme for synthesis of ergosterol, alter cell mb permeabilityAction of clotrimazole
  28. 28AZOLESinhibit lanosterol conversion to ergosterolAZOLES
  29. 29POLYENESbind to ergosterol on cell and create a porePOLYENES
  30. 30*if have denture give the rinse... make sure they use orally and to clean denture* troches work better bc they stay in mouth longer than rinse... they have more contact w/ infection for longer period of time*if have denture give the rinse... make sure they use orally and to clean denture
  31. 31Athletes footGriseofulvinAthletes foot
  32. 32Acetaminophen contraindicated with?Alcohol. HEPATOTOXICITYAcetaminophen contraindicated with?
  33. 33Epinephrine should not be used with?TCAEpinephrine should not be used with?
  34. 34Epinephrine is not used in patients with?HYPERTHYROIDISMEpinephrine is not used in patients with?
  35. 35Erythromycin and Tetracycline are prescribed carefully in pt with?PEPTIC ULCER (interacts with antacids)Erythromycin and Tetracycline are prescribed carefully in pt with?
  36. 36Penicillin is cross allergenic withCEPHALOSPORIN (B-lactamase)Penicillin is cross allergenic with
  37. 37Penicillin is antagonistic with which drugTetracyclinePenicillin is antagonistic with which drug
  38. 38Benzodiazepine antagonistFlumazenilBenzodiazepine antagonist
  39. 39Opioid antagonistNaloxoneOpioid antagonist
  40. 40Antihistamine is contraindicated with which drugErythromycinAntihistamine is contraindicated with which drug
  41. 41Lidocaine cross allergenic with?MepivacaineLidocaine cross allergenic with?
  42. 423 drugs that cause gingival enlargement- Phenytoin
    - Nifedipine
    - Cyclosporine    3 drugs that cause gingival enlargement
  43. 43side effect of chloramphenicolaplastic anemiaside effect of chloramphenicol
  44. 44Aspirin is contraindicated with which drugCoumadin(WARFARIN)Aspirin is contraindicated with which drug
  45. 45Glucocorticoids are contraindicated with what diseaseDiabetesGlucocorticoids are contraindicated with what disease
  46. 46Benzodiazepines is contraindicated with what diseasespregnant women
    Myasthenia gravis
    Glaucoma
    COPD
    Emphysema    Benzodiazepines is contraindicated with what diseases
  47. 47Meds that cause bad tasteMetronidazole
    Carbamazepine
    Chantix    Meds that cause bad taste
  48. 48Best benzodiazepine for IV sedationMIDAZOLAM- amnesiaBest benzodiazepine for IV sedation
  49. 49Best benzodiazepine for pt with liver cirrhosisoxazepamBest benzodiazepine for pt with liver cirrhosis
  50. 50Which benzodiazepines used for depression and anxiety for OCDXanax(Alprazolam)Which benzodiazepines used for depression and anxiety for OCD
  51. 51Medication for grand mal seizurePhenytoin (Dilantin)Medication for grand mal seizure
  52. 52Medication for Status epilepticusValium (diazepam)Medication for Status epilepticus
  53. 53Most common seizure in childrengrand mal (febrile)Most common seizure in children
  54. 54drug for lidocaine induced seizuresDiazepam (Valium)drug for lidocaine induced seizures
  55. 55MOA of barbituratesPotentiate the effects of GABA by increasing the *duration* of Cl- channel openingMOA of barbiturates
  56. 56long acting barbituratePhenobarbital- for seizureslong acting barbiturate
  57. 57MOA of benzodiazepinesPotentiate GABA neurotransmitter by increasing Cl- transfer- Sedative effectsMOA of benzodiazepines
  58. 58Which barbiturate most readily penetrates BBB? Also short ultra-acting IV for general anesthesiaThiopentalWhich barbiturate most readily penetrates BBB? Also short ultra-acting IV for general anesthesia
  59. 59side effect of antihistamines (h1)Dry mouth and throat
    Increase heart rate
    Pupil dilation
    Urinary retention
    Constipation    side effect of antihistamines (h1)
  60. 60Benadryl (diphenhydramine)H1 receptor antagonist (1st Generation)
    antihistamine/makes you sleepy
    Treats: N/V, allergic reactions
    Effects #1 = dry mouth
    IM --> Z track, deep injection
    Antihistamines = prevent release of histamine by blocking H1 receptor sites on the mast cells in nasal cavity.    Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
  61. 61What drug is used for motion sicknessBenadryl (diphenhydramine)What drug is used for motion sickness
  62. 62Morphine overdose treatmentNaloxoneMorphine overdose treatment
  63. 63Med for Detoxification of Morphine addictsMethadoneMed for Detoxification of Morphine addicts
  64. 64Opioids MOABinds to mu-opioid receptors in the CNS to alter the perception of painOpioids MOA
  65. 65Overdose of opioidsLeads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death
    Analgesia
    Euphoria
    Sedation
    Pin point pupils    Overdose of opioids
  66. 66Opioids Contraindicationshead injury, renal insufficiencyOpioids Contraindications
  67. 67Why acetaminophen and hydrocone so effective together?Different mechanisms. Larger effectWhy acetaminophen and hydrocone so effective together?
  68. 68Percocet ingredientsAcetaminophen and OxycodonePercocet ingredients
  69. 69Vicodin ingredientsAcetaminophen and HydrocodoneVicodin ingredients
  70. 70Aspirin MOAblocks COX irreversibly. Blocks production of TXA2 which impairs PLATELET AGGREGATION.Aspirin MOA
  71. 71Aspirin adverse effectsReye's syndrome
    GI problems    Aspirin adverse effects
  72. 72Which is a safe pain killer to give pregnant patient?Tylenol (acetaminophen)Which is a safe pain killer to give pregnant patient?
  73. 73What analgesic do you give a child with AsthmaTylenol.
    Not aspirin because of hyperventilation    What analgesic do you give a child with Asthma
  74. 74PT wants 8 hours of relief after extractions/good sleepNAPROXENPT wants 8 hours of relief after extractions/good sleep
  75. 75-afilPDE5 inhibitors
    Phosphodiesterase inhibitors prevent the degradation of cAMP and cGMP (second messengers).
    *Sildenafil*, avanafil, tadalfil, vardenafil
    Mostly used to treat erectile dysfunction    -afil
  76. 76-asonecorticosteroid
    *Dexamethasone*, betamethasone, fluticasone
    Reduces inflammation and suppresses immune system    -asone
  77. 77-bicinantineoplastic-bicin
  78. 78-bitalbarbiturate
    *phenobarbital*, butabarbital, secobarbital
    Used as anticonvulsants (also have anxiolytic and hypnotic effects, but benzodiazepines replaced barbiturates for this use)    -bital
  79. 79-cainelocal anesthetic-caine
  80. 80cef-/ceph-cephalosporin antibiotic
    cephalexin, cefaclor, cefdinir,cefixime
    Bactericidal β-Lactam antibiotics that are less susceptible to
    β-Lactamase than penicillin    cef-/ceph-
  81. 81-cillinpenicillin antibiotic
    amoxicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin
    β-Lactam antibiotics (break down bacterial cell wall)    -cillin
  82. 82cortcorticosteroid
    fludrocortisone, hydrocortisone    cort
  83. 83-cyclinetetracycline antibiotic
    doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline
    Broad-spectrum antibiotics that are mostly used when patients are allergic to penicillin antibiotics or macrolides    -cycline
  84. 84-dipinecalcium channel blocker
    amlodipine, nifedipine
    Usually used to treat hypertension and coronary artery disease
    Ca++ channel blockers prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle cells, which prevents muscle contraction, resulting in vasodilation.    -dipine
  85. 85-dronatebisphosphonate
    ibandronate, alendronate
    Bisphosphonates kill osteoclasts, and are therefore used in treatment of osteoporosis
    *Vastly increased risk of BRONJ*    -dronate
  86. 86-prazoleproton pump inhibitor
    omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole
    PPIs are used in treatment of GERD.    -prazole
  87. 87-fenacNSAID
    diclofenac
    Reduces pain and inflammation    -fenac
  88. 88-floxacinquinolone antibiotic
    ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
    Broad-spectrum antibiotics
    *Contraindicated for use in children* due to risk of adverse side effects on musculoskeletal system    -floxacin
  89. 89-glitazonethiazolidinedione (antidiabetic drug)
    pioglitazone, troglitazone
    *Treats Type II DM* -- TZDs cause increased transcription of genes that promote storage of fatty acids in adipocytes, meaning the body has fewer free fatty acids in circulation and thus must be more dependent on glucose for energy.    -glitazone
  90. 90-amineantihistamine
    brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, pheniramine
    H1 antihistamines block H1 receptors to help relieve allergic reactions (IgE rxns)    -amine

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Praxis Flashcards: Pharmacology Flashcards on Pharmacology I (100 Flash Cards), created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE on 21/05/2021.
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