Flashcards
Exam 2
Cards in this deck (130)
- 113 ColoniesVirginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Connecticut
- 2Charter Trading Companies/Joint Stock*company given charter of land for trading
*stockholders actively participate in the company-Merchant Adventurers
VIRGINIA & MASSACHUSETTS
Outliers- Rhode Island & New Hampshire - 3Foreign CompaniesDutch Companies
DELAWARE & NEW YORK - 4Proprietary GrantsGrant given to individuals to rule as see fit
NEW JERSEY, MARYLAND,PENNSYLVANIA, GEORGIA,SOUTH CAROLINA,CONNECTICUT - 5Colonies offer land for ColonistsOffer representative gov.
- 6ChesapeakeMARYLAND AND VIRGINIA
along Chesapeake bay
TABACCO-cash crop - 7Virginia CompanyJoint stock
Merchant Adventurers= Second Sons - 8Law of PrimogenitureLand only given to oldest son b/c-productivity/ keep the land in tact
- 9Jamestown1607
Established by Second Sons
Defensive sight- see into river to protect
Can't grow crops-swamp-humid
Disease-Mosquito
Dissentary-purges liquid from body-Significant death-most people of Virginia
Don't know how to farm and no land - 10John SmithRich Adventurer
Experienced at growing crops-In charge of food
Interacts well with the natives
1607-08- 50 people survive the winter - 11Chief PowhatanOne of largest Indian populations
John Smith taken by Indians
Pocahontas saves him
Builds relationship-gives up old life - 12John RolfeMarries Pocahontas -gets sick and dies in England
Helps establish positive relations with England - 13TobaccoColumbus discovered it
Virginia-sweeter strain-discover
Leads to long term success
Short term-death
John Smith-injured-leads to violent interaction - 14Winter of 1609-1610Mostly fish-starve
Starving time leads to cannibalism
Digging up graves-execute to discourage others
NEARLY KILLS JAMESTOWN
Spring-settlers want to leave but reinforcement comes - 15Head rights1618
Pay for own passage-100 acres of land
Bring other people -50 per person - 16House of Burgesses1619-First representative government
First Legislative Government - 171622347 Settlers die because of Indians
- 181624Virginia Company loses charter
- 191647All colonies Royal companies
- 20Jamestown Failure8500 start
1300 left
60% of Virginia-poor indentured servants- Don't get land
Best land by the river-water table-grow tobacco
Indentured servents- away from water-with Indians
Grow 3 years-get more land from Natives
Soil Exhaustion
Can't Marry
Frustrated - 21Berkeley and Bacon's rebellionRepresentatives- represent Wealthy
Don't care for poor farmers - 22Nathaniel Bacon 1676Farmer organizes army-clears natives from the land
March on Jamestown-women and children as human shields
Burn Jamestown to ground
Berekley flee and wait for reinforcement
Government doesn't listen
Dies of heart failure/Dissentary-ends revolt
100 years before another rebellion
* Foreshadow of Revolution - 23Maryland CompanyHead right system
Catholic refuge
Protestand indentured servants
* Religious divide
tobacco - 24New EnglandPuritan religion-Unites
Roman Catholic Church
Faith in god & confession
Control message of the bible because its in Latin - 25Martin LutherHas faith, confess, but not clean
Revalation- no amount of work can fix self
* Salvation by faith alone
Indulgences-pay for forgiveness
Tezel-monk selling indulgences-Luther Catches
95 Thesis-95 problems with the church-nail to door
* Public announcement-problems with church
* Start Protestant Reformation - 26John Calvin CalvinismWorks are evidence of your salvation
Faith and act well
*Predestination
Puritans= Calvinist
Puritans purify church of England
Baptism and Communication
No adornments- images, stained glass - 27SeparatistsChurch already damned
Holland-worship how they want
But..
Children more Dutch - 28Virginia Company1620-offers separatist piece of land
Timber and Supplies
1 Ship-35 people
Sept 1620-Mayflower
Atlantic-hurricanes -3months
Stay in Cape Cpd hook - 29John HawlinOn Mayflower
Populates England - 30Plymouth Plantation Mayflower CompactAgree to abide by laws made by leaders of their choosing
Democracy
Found food if Indians
Peace with Indians - 31SquantoUnderstand English
Kidnapped by English sailor and escaped
Negotiated for Indians and English
Help English Survive - 32William BradfordGovernor of Plymouth
Small and poor, Isolated
Fur Trade and Grow Corn
1st thanksgiving with the Indians
Massachusetts bay-Charter Company
All puritans-stockholders - 33John WinthropModel Community
City Upon a hill
Governor - 34Great Migration1630
1st 10 years-20000 People come over
No Disease
High Life expectancy
Charter used to make Government
Laws-10 Commandments-can't follow
Tax-to the church
Voting-own land, Active member of the Church
Questioning-membership decline-less voting
CRISIS-no longer model community - 35Halfway Covenant 16621/2 Membership in the church
Vote and Participate
Continue to Decline
Devil at Work
Community Split
1691-Massachusetts Loses Charter
No more religious restriction - 36ConnecticutNew Haven- too lenient
Hartford-Too strict - 37Rhode IslandRefugee Community
- 38Roger WilliamsSeparatist
10 Commandments NOT laws
Tax NOT go to church
NO church membership
* Separation of Church and State
*Charter of Massachusetts is invalid
Natives here first
Arrested, runs to natives - 39Narraganset IndiansNegotiate for Property
- 40Providence PlantationFreedom of religion
Separation of Church and State - 41Anne HutchensonRevalation from god
Puritans emphasize work too much
Gets following
Escorted and Can't come back
Goes to Rhode Island
Dies 1638 - 42New HampshireCreated by Anne Hutchenson Followers
- 43Middle ColoniesDiverse Economy
Tobacco
Fur trade
Timber
wheat
corn
squash
Hudson and Delaware rivers for trade - 44New YorkDutch 1624-New Netherlands
Fur trade
Manhatten-New Amsterdam
Indians sell land then reclaim-don't understand ownership
Attract populations - 45Patroonships Dutch version of Head rights16 mile land strip on the river
free
Timber and Livestock
50 people for 4 years
small population
tolerant society
No legislative assembly
British block ports
1664 give up colony to Britain (King charles 2nd) - 46New YorkNew Netherland
James-Duke of York- New York
Keep Patroonships
gives Jeresy to Friends
Difficult to build around Geography
Slave Port - 47New JerseyNo Native Economy
North- From New York
South-Philadelphia - 48Pennsylvania and DelawareWilliam Penn-Founder
1681repayment of debt by Charles the 2nd
Build for Quakers - 49Qackers (Society of Friends)Everyone has a piece of god in them
Equal portions of land
No social class
*1st colony to abolish slavery
Natives as equals
Race and Gender equality
Divine Writings
No preachers
Persecuted - 50William Penn's Holy Experiment (Pennsylvania)Quacker refuge
Invite Europeans into Penn.
Dutch Penn/German Population
City of Brotherly love - 51Charter of LibertiesGives right to legislative assembly
Just have to pay taxes=don't
Penn goes to prison - 52Delaware 1682Mixed Economies
- 53Southern ColoniesCotton
North and South Carolina
1660-proprietary grands
offer Head right and assembly
Nobody comes over because of death - 54Port RoyalNorth Carolina
1st settlement 1670-similar to Virginia
more land
poor tobacco farmers - 55Charles TownSouth Carolina
humid, hot
British Plantation owners from Barbados
Sugar
rum
Ma lasses
Slaves and Culture - 56South CarolinaRice-grows in water
Very Successful
Indigo-crop-dye
One of Wealthiest - 57North CarolinaPoor Extension of Virginia
1729-no more grant
Royal colony
Split them - 58Georgiacreated after all colonies royal
1732-limited proprietary grants-21 years
Board of trustees
*Protect South Carolina against Spanish
Land restrictions
No rum-Indians
No slaves
No Catholics - 59James OglethorpeNot in prison for debt
attracts prisoners-start over
eventually gives larger land
1751- no restrictions against slavery
causes economy to boom
1753- becomes royal colony
Justification- south can't live without slavery - 60Navigation ActsMercantilism- export raw materials-produce finished goods- no colonies produce finished goods
English Revolution- no king
Dominated by upper middle class
tried to get colonies back together
Only English ships to Colonial ships
Only trade with English - 61Navigation ActsShips patrol ports-Economy declines
less ships to watch the Atlantic
Economy grows
Roller coaster economy
Colonist understand government can restrict trade - 62Colonial Wars1688-1763
4 wars that reshaped relationship with the colonists and England - 63Threat of New FranceFrench move into a new territory
All lands West of the Great Lakes
Mississippi river-Lasalle found it
Goes back to Canada and goes back down the Mississippi
Crew kills him
French claim Canada and Mississippi - 64French1750
80,000 people
soldiers listen to Indians
Gurilla Warfare
Ability to start over
Ablility to move constricted
Navy loses every time - 65US1750
1.5 million people - 66French and Indian War/7 years warStarts In North America-bleeds over to Europe
1st World War
Colonies and England-trade
Tensions Increase after the war
Prelude/Cause-Ohio River Valley - 67Ohio River ValleyFlows into Mississippi
Agriculturally rich
No one knows who owns it
1749- French scouts move into Ohio Valley
Make an Agreement with Indians
Lead plates to establish claims of Louis the 15th - 68Marquis Duquesene French Fort1752-New France Government
Secures boundaries
Soldiers Present- increases threat
1753- small unit to force the French to leave - 69George WashingtonDoesn't speak French
French refuse to leave
Washington Goes to Appalachian Mountains - 70Fort Necessitywork with the Indians
use them to scout the area
Colonial leaders see the issue-people don't cooperate
State Militia-Protect the community-no cooperation
Calls a Meeting - 71Albany Congress and Benjamin FranklinProposal for better cooperation
1754- New Federal Government
President is general over all the colonies
* Rejected because colonies don't want to give up their rights to national government - 721754 WAR1/2 King and Indians find 10 French
Washington surrounds encampment and tries to negotiate
2 Diplomats-can't kill them- negotiate to leave
Indians slaughter the french-Causes Problems - 73WashingtonLost a lot of battles
Won the Important ones - 74Washington SurrendersDocument of Indians and Others- Not engage in fighting again
Washington- Knowledge responsibility to killing 2 diplomats
Fort Necessity became a reason for war - 75French and Indian WarColonists only had Militia to protect them
British send over Braddock - 76Edward BraddockWashington's 1st real interaction with regular British citizens
Meets with Braddock- tells him how to fight but Braddock thinks they're hilbillies
Feb 1755- Launch and attack-worst time
Indians Kill them
Only survive because of Washington-retreat
NO more army
Frontier- domain of Indian attacks - 771756 -7 years warBritain vs France
- 78British NavyAlly
Prussia= Germany- Great Military - 79FrenchAlly
Austria
Russia
Sweden - 80France WinsPrussia is defeated- 1757
1757 New Prime minister - 81William PittOrganizer
*Divides wars into locations
European theater- send money- Buy mercenaries for Prussia
Colonial Theater- send man power-to colonies - 82Forced Quartering/ ProvisioningProvide for army
Food
Shelter - 83ImpressmentBritish select replacement soldiers from the colonies
Colonists angry at the soldiers
Colonist ask Pit to recognize authority of Assembly
1758 he recognizes it but raises taxes
Moor cooperative colonists - 841758 Louisburg Summerattack and capture
Island in St. Lawrence river- blocks the river - 85Nov 1758 Fort DoquenseBurned and became Fort Pitt
- 861759Quebec
- 871760Montreal
- 881763 Peace in ParisMap of North America is redrawn
British Territory- East of Mississippi and Canada and Florida
Spanish Territory- West of Mississippi and New Orleans
French Territory- Martinique/Guadalupe and Hispaniola - 89Aftermath2 Views of the Empire
British- Expensive war-6 billion dollars
Taxing British citizens-tighten control
Colonists- Feeding the French-want tight control-colonists want less regulation - 901760-1763Britain wants Ohio River Valley
Ottowa uprising- Pontiac
Redcoats want to solve Indian problem
*British are convinced the colony needs protection
*British limit battles with Indians by killing them - 91Proclamation of 1763Drawing a line on the Appalachian
Mountains
English/British colonists cannot move WEST of that line
British want to make Indian confederacy-but want to keep land
Tensions with Indians cause Revolution - 92George GrenvilleNew Prime Minister
Turn around relations with Colonies and British
Colonies drive the English Empire
Grenvile's New trade Acts - 93Stamp Act 1765Colonist pay tax for printed products
Revenue tax-money for gov.
Representative gov.-levy tax
*Britain has no representation in colonies
run by nobles and upper middle class
*aware of how much you pay taxes
*poor attempt to tax-upper and middle class has high literacy
NO stamps purchased in the colonies - 94Stamp Act Congresscolonies meet and respond
*Boycott British finished goods until the stamp act was repealed - 95Sons of LibertyEnforce Boycott
Tear down booths and burn stamps
1776-Parliament repeals stamp act because of British Merchants - 961776 Declaratory ActParliament has right to tax colonies as they see fit
- 971767 Pitt appoints prime ministerCharles Townshend
- 98Duty ActTax on 5 products
Paper,Paint,Glass,Lead,Tea
Boycott again- No selling or Buying goods
Colonists angry at tax collectors-most dangerous jobs - 99British Tax CollectorsBetter Houses
Soldiers Protect them
Boston House-angriest
Soldiers fire at crowds - 100March 5,177060 colonist throwing things in front of Custom house
Soldiers fire on colonists - 101Boston Massacre5 People died
10 Soldiers arrested
8/10 soldiers branded as murderers - 102Crispus Attics1st casualty of the American Revolution
- 1031770's New Prime Minister Lord NorthHeal the relationship of the Colonies and England
1st-he repeals Duty Act except for tea - 104Committees of Correspondence Gaspee IncidentBetter Communication with colonists
Custom ship to control smuggling
got grounded and set on fire - 105Tea act 1773Revenue tea act
Bankrupcy of British East India Company
* save the British Company
*Only company that can sell tea to colonies
*saved because the nobles run it
* Colonists keep ships from coming in - 106Boston Tea party Dec 16,1773150 Colonists dump tea into harbor disguised as Indians
342 chests
1 million dollars
No one identified specifically
Parliament reacts - 107Intolerable Acts* Close Boston port until price of tea is payed back-port cant make money
* Massachusetts Charter Suspended- no legislative assembly-under marshal/military rule -Thomas Gage
*Major criminal trials transferred to England (10 redcoats-got off free)
*Massachusetts-provision and quarter all troops - 1081st Continental Congress 1774Colonies gather in Philadelphia for a response
7 weeks-solution
* Declaration of American rights-parliament regulate commerce but not tax
*Grievances to the King - 109Continental Association- Economyregulate importation and non importation
December-give giv. time to respond then meet again - 110Conciliatory Resolves May 1775Grants to colonies
*self-govern
* No coercive acts
1st shot of the American Revolution - 111ResistanceLexington and concord-General Gage
2 Radical Key leaders- John Hancock and Samuel Adams
Secret expedition to Lexington and Concord - 112Paul ReveerUse spies to find out about attacks
2 lamps-go by sea
Gets arrested for saying british are comming - 113William Dawsinforms British are coming but never makes it
- 114Samuel PrescottMakes it all the way to tell news
Minute men are alerted-70 blockade
April 1775
700 red coats
* 1st shot-heard around the world
John and Sam flee
2 Minutes-8 dead 10 wounded - 115Red Coats march into LexingtonDon't find anything-angry
- 116Red Coats march into ConcordFind nothing-angry
set homes on fire
Brit loss- 3 dead 9 wounded
Americans used guerrilla warfare - 117BostonBrit lose 73, 174 wounded
Minute men closed off British into Boston harbor-need ammo - 118Fort TiconderogaEthan Allen and Benedict Arnold
Build campfires and make noise- capture the fort
Ger supplies, cannon, gunpowder - 1192nd Continental CongressResolves no longer on table
Send peace proposal to king/ Olive Branch
Rise up and equip continental army - 120George Washingtonleader, chosen because brings colonies together
Difficulties- troops don't know what to do
3 month enlistments
Doesn't have good army - 121French AllianceSend supplies secretly- don't know what they're getting in return
*Goal of revolution- greater rights within the empire - 122King responds to olive branchDoesn't read
States in rebellion
send 25000 more troops into the colonies - 123Prohibitory Act April 75- July 76Close all colonial ports- create blockade
Claim to be loyal to king
Raising army and killing King's representatives - 124Lord NorthGerman states sell Mercenaries
Hessians -enjoy violence
Revenge in colonists - 125John DunmoreRoyal Gov. of Virginia
Freedom to slave who rises up against master
Kill everyone on plantation
*South colonies support this - 126Thomas PayneCommon sense
Justification for breaking off from England
Defines and Justifies Independance
King is Responsible
Appeals to logic/ nature
100000 copies in 3 months - 127Richard Henry LeeColonies declare Independance
- 1285 people of ComiteeThomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin
John Adams
Roger Sherman
Robert Livingston - 129John LockeSocial Contract theory of Gov.
Agreement of rulers and ruled
Provide protection of rights-life,liberty, property - 130—
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- Flashcards on Exam 2, created by Smiljana Bukaric on 08/10/2015.
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