Flashcards
astro flashcards
Cards in this deck (56)
- 1Kepler's First LawThe orbit of each planet around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus.
- 2Kepler's Second LawAs a planet moves around its orbit, it sweeps out equal areas in equal times
- 3Kepler's Third Law (in words)The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
- 4Kepler's Third Law (Newton's formula)
- 5Escape velocity (formula)
- 6Parallax equation with baseline
- 7Impact crater equation
- 8Flux recieved from sun at distance d
- 9Power absorption of a planet
- 10Thermal equilibrium of planet prediction
- 11Relationship between cooling time and radius of planet
- 12Roche Limit
- 13Classical doppler shift
- 14Radius of a planet in transit
- 15Kepler's Third Law (reduced formula)
- 16Earth-like criterionmass < 2 earth masses
- 17Super earth criterion (and significance)mass between 2 and 10 earth masses (at 10 earth masses the planet is large enough to become a gas giant)
- 18Neptune-like criterionmass between 10 Earth masses and 2 Neptune masses
- 19Jupiter-like criterionmass greater than 2 Neptune masses
- 20hot planet criteriondistance from star less than 0.1AU
- 21cold planet criteriondistance from star greater than 1AU
- 22criteria for magnetosphere to form1. Liquid core
2. Core is made of ferromagnetic material (or metallic hydrogen)
3. Rapid rotational speed - 23composition of comets' tailion tail caused by solar wind +
dust tail caused by dust escaping the coma - 243 methods of exoplanetary search1. doppler shift measurement
2. planetary transits
3. direct imaging - 25meteoroidsobjects with potential to hit Earth
- 26meteorsthe flash of light produced when a meteoroid enters the atmosphere and encounters frictional heating
- 27meteoritesremnants of meteoroids that have made it to the surface
- 28when do meteor showers occurwhen Earth passes through cometary debris, occuring periodically
- 29range of Kupier belt30AU-500AU
- 30range of Oort cloud2000AU-100000AU
- 31L1 locationbetween the sun and earth: unstable
- 32L2 locationbetween Earth and Mars' orbit: unstable
- 33L3 locationdirectly opposite Earth behind the Sun: unstable
- 34L4 & L5 location60 degrees behind and in front of Earth's orbit, respectively: stable.
- 35range of asteroid belt2-3.5AU
- 36description of Iothe most volcanically active body within the solar system: caused by irregular orbit of Io and large tidal forces from Jupiter
- 37why is saturn hotter than expectedHelium rain falling generates frictional heat
- 38Why can rings be forced to be narrow by shepherd moonsif there is a satellite on both sides of the ring, the inner (outer) satellite causes a heating (cooling) effect resulting in higher (lower) orbits. this constricts the range of radii
- 39What is differential rotationWhen the angular velocity of a fluid body is not constant at all places, e.g. smaller rotational period at the equator
- 40Why are neptune and uranus bluedue to the methane in their upper atmosphere. more methane = more blue
- 41possible explanation for uranus and neptune's odd B fieldsfrozen ammonia dissolved into water acts as the conductive fluid for the dynamo effect. the fluid's currents are located far from the core then it could work
- 42which jovian planet has no internal heat sourceuranus
- 43why is neptune hotter than expectedmethane in atmosphere insulates heat (similar to greenhouse effect)
- 44why is jupiter hotter than expectedjupiter has a (relatively) large surface area to volume ratio, so it loses heat from its surface slower than the other planets
- 45why is there a discrepancy in expected heat in Earth and Venusthe greenhouse effect
- 46what is albedoalbedo is the fraction of power that is reflected by a planet's surface
- 47why does venus have retrograde motionlikely due to an early collision changing the direction of its rotation
- 48why is Earth's moon relatively largeit was likely created during the collision of a young, larger Earth with a mars-sized object. the debris began orbiting Earth and coalesced over time into the moon
- 49why was the copernical model shitit had to use the idea of epicycles in orbits to explain observations of the planets.
- 50Wien's Law
- 51Power output of star
- 52Measured flux from a star at distance D
- 53wavelength of emitted photons in hydrogen
- 54rayleigh scattering proportionality
- 55rayleigh criterion
- 56degrees to arc units conversion1 degree = 60 arcminutes
1 arcminute = 60 arcseconds
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- Physics Flashcards on astro flashcards, created by Ethan Reid on 25/04/2024.
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- Ethan Reid
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