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01Handout1

Eljin Aguilar Data and Digital Communications easy English 43 cards

01Handout1

Cards in this deck (43)

  1. 1History of Long-Distance Communication (LTE, 2016)Smoke Signals
    Pigeon Courier
    Semaphore Flags
    Pony Express
    Electrical Telegraph
    Wireless Telegraphy (Radio)
  2. 2Smoke SignalsThis is one of the oldest forms of long-distance communication for transmitting information. American Indians used this as a distress signal. This was also used in the Great Wall of China to relay messages of incoming threats.
  3. 3Pigeon CourierThis form is often used by ancient Persians, Romans, and Greeks to send messages using a bird as a courier.
  4. 4Semaphore FlagsIn 1792, Claude Chappe developed a messaging system that uses flags as methods of communication.
  5. 5Pony ExpressIn 1860, this mail service delivers messages, newspapers, and mails using relays of horse-mounted riders.
  6. 6Electrical TelegraphIt revolutionized long-distance communication by sending electric signals (Morse code) in between two (2) stations.
  7. 7Wireless Telegraphy (Radio)It is a transmission of electric current projected into space in the form of radio waves.
  8. 8TelephoneIt is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission of human voice.
  9. 9Notable Advancements in Digital Communication1st Generation (1G)
    2nd Generation (2G)
    3rd Generation (3G)
    4th Generation (4G)
    5th Generation (5G)
  10. 101st Generation (1GThis generation uses analog wireless technology in communications.
  11. 112nd Generation (2G)In this generation, Cellphones are upgraded from analog to digital. In this generation, the concept of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobiles (GSM) were implemented. It is the generation where Short Message Service (SMS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Packet Switching Network (PSN) is introduced.
  12. 123rd Generation (3G)This generaation uses a new technology called Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) in which it can render multimedia services along a line with streaming. Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) is established in this generation.
  13. 134th Generation (4G)The key technologies that have made in this generation are Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The two (2) important 4G standards are WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long- Term Evolution).
  14. 145th Generation (5G)This generation rolls out faster data transfer speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G. It is presently happening like the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous smart systems, and beamforming.
  15. 15DataIt can be in the form of a number, character, text, audio, or video. It can be created, deleted, stored, or transferred.
  16. 16two (2) forms of DataAnalog data
    Digital data
  17. 17Analog datarefers to continuous information.
    Example: human voice
  18. 18Digital datatakes on discrete values.
    These bits can be a file, information, or instruction.
    These consist of ones and zeros (1’s and 0’s).
  19. 19Digital communicationmeans communication through data bits (as in electric currents and voltages switching on or off). It is decoding information into a binary code and transmitting it in the form of a signal.
    • For example, words are translated into binary by giving each letter a number in a defined format (such as ASCII code) transmitted in analog or digital signals.
    • This series of data bits can be stored in a file.
  20. 20Information TheoryAccording to Claude Shannon, it is a representation of the conditions and parameters affecting the transmission and processing of information. It overlaps heavily with communication theory, but it is more oriented toward the fundamental limitations on the processing and communication of information and less oriented toward the detailed operation of devices.
  21. 21Block Diagram of Shannon’s Information TheoryBlock Diagram of Shannon’s Information Theory
  22. 22Data communicationrefers to the exchange of data between a source and a receiver in a network. It enables the movement of electronic or digital data between two (2) or more nodes, regardless of geographical location, technological medium, or data contents.
  23. 23sourcegenerates the information
    Examples: computers, smartphones, tablets (terminal devices)
  24. 24source encoderthat converts the information into an electrical form called message signal Example: modem
  25. 25transmitterthat is used to convert the message signal into a form acceptable to the channel Examples: amplifiers and antennas
  26. 26channelwhich is the path or link that connects the transmitter and the receiver Example: may be in physical medium space such as wires or radio frequency (RF) signals
  27. 27receiverperforms an inverse function of that of the transmitter to recover the message signal Examples: filters and antennas
  28. 28source decoderconverts the electrical signal back to a form acceptable to the receiver Example: modem
  29. 29sinkis the user of the information generated by the source Example: computers, smartphones, tablets (terminal devices)
  30. 30Block Diagram of Data Communication Network ModelBlock Diagram of Data Communication Network Model
  31. 31Data Communications Network TopologyThese are the physical or logical layouts of devices that belong in a network.
  32. 32Point-to-Point (P2P) topologyIt is a link that permanently connects two (2) nodes or network devices.Point-to-Point (P2P) topology
  33. 33Tree topologyIt is formed by connecting multiple buses to form a system of branching links with no closed loop.Tree topology
  34. 34Point-to-Multipoint topologyOne (1) node is connected to multiple nodes, each in a P2P manner.Point-to-Multipoint topology
  35. 35Star topologyIt is a topology in which each node is connected in a P2P manner to a central node called a hub.Star topology
  36. 36Multidrop topologyAll nodes are interconnected by a single link with one (1) node that is the master node and the other nodes are secondary or slave nodes.Multidrop topology
  37. 37Mesh topologyThe network nodes are interconnected arbitrarily. Generally, users are connected to only a subset of the nodes, and another set of internal nodes provides a switching facility that moves data from one node to another until it reaches its destination.Mesh topology
  38. 38Bus topologyIt is like the multidrop topology with the exception that there is no master–slave relationship; all nodes are peers. The line terminator is used to prevent a signal that comes to the end of a transmission line from bouncing back and corrupting other signals on the line.Bus topology
  39. 39Ring topologyThe nodes are connected serially in a P2P manner with the last node connected to the first node to form a loop.Ring topology
  40. 40Personal area networks (PANs)are networks that interconnect devices within the reach of an individual, usually within a range of 10 meters. These devices are usually cellphones, tablets, and laptops.Personal area networks (PANs)
  41. 41Metropolitan area networks (MANs)interconnect LANs in a campus or metropolitan area. An example includes the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI).Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
  42. 42Local area networks (LANs)cover small geographical areas, typically a building, a floor, or a campus. Examples include the Ethernet and token ring networks.Local area networks (LANs)
  43. 43Wide area networks (WANs)cover much larger areas such as a country (e.g., public switched telephone network [PSTN]) or the globe (e.g., the Internet).Wide area networks (WANs)

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easy Data and Digital Communications Flashcards on 01Handout1, created by Eljin Aguilar on 12/08/2024.
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Eljin Aguilar
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