Flashcards
chapter 2 research method flashcards
Cards in this deck (38)
- 1Ethical Principles for animal researchResearch must have a clear , scientific purpose
- 2Standard deviationshows how far scores vary from the mean ( average) score
- 368-95-99.7 rulemeans 68% of all scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean (average ) Approx. 95% off all scores fall within two standrad deviations of the mean 99.7%
- 4Normal Distributionforms a bell shaped or symmetrical curve( upside down U)
- 5Modethe most frequently occuring score
- 6Medianthe middle score , score that divides a frequency distribution excatly in half
- 7Meanthe average , sum of a set of scores divide by the number of scores
- 8operational definitioinsstatement of ypour procedures , identifies the iv & dv, sampling and assignment
- 9Dependent variablewhat is being measured in an experiment , the research variable that " depends" on the independent variable
- 10Random assignmentAssigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance
- 11cross sectional studycompares individuals at various ages at one point in time.
- 12Longitudinal studystudies a single individual or a group over an extended period of time
- 13zero correlationindicates there is no nrelationship between 2 variables
- 14negative correlation-1.00 closest to it , means 2 variables move in the opposite direction
- 15positive correlation+1.00 closest to it , mean 2 variables move in the same direction
- 16correlation coefficienta number value that indicates the strenghth and direction of the relationship between two variables
- 17cresearhers observe or measure a relationship between variables
- 18participants biastendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed
- 19researcher biastendency for researchers to look for evidence that supports their hypothesis and ignore contradictory evidence
- 20surveysdescriptive method , uses questionnaries or interviews
- 21skewed distributiondistrubition with most scores squeezed to one end , few scores stretch out like tail
- 22Reliabilityconsistency or repeatability of results .
- 23random selectionchoosing of members of a population so that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen for a sample
- 24random assignmentdivision of the sample in an experiment into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group
- 25quasi- experimentmeasurment of dv ( dependent variable ) when random assignment to groups of a randomly selected sample is not possible
- 26Quantitative DataInformation can be reported as numbers for ease of handling.
- 27Placebodistributed through population . Ex. sat
- 28Normal DistributionRepresented by a normal curve ( upside down U shape ) symmetric with mean, mode , and median the same score
- 29Naturalistic ObservationsObserving and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations w/o trying to manipulate and conrol situation
- 30Inferential statisticsstatistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions
- 31HypothesisPrediction of how 2 or more factors are likely to be related
- 32Experimental groupgroup that you experimenting on receives the independent variables
- 33ExperimentResearch method that involves manipulation of an independent variable
- 34Ethical guidlines for human research10 informed consent
- 35Descriptive statisticsnumbers that summarize a set of research data from a sample
- 36Confounding variableFactors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable
- 37Central TendencyDescribes average of a distribution
- 38Case studiesresearch technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles