Flashcards
Tute 3
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1How many MHC genes are they and why?6 class 1 and 6 class 2 as 6 is a balance between limiting autoreactivity and having MHC molecules that bind a wide variety of peptide fragments
- 2What are MHC molecules?proteins that bind with peptides that have been processed through the endogenous or exogenous pathway and are expressed on the cell surface
- 3What are MHC class 1 molecules?Universally expressed
present endogenous antigens - 4What are MHC class 2 molecules?Only expressed on APC's and present exogenous antigens
- 5What co-receptor is used in T cell activation?CD4/CD8
- 6What adhesion receptors are used in T cell activation?LFA1 and ICAM1
- 7What are the co-stimulatory receptors used in T cell activation?CD28 and CD80/86
- 8What cytokine is released by APC's to activate T cells?IL-2
- 9What are the 5 Th subtypes?Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh and Treg
- 10What cytokines induce each Th subset?IFN-gamma - IL-1
IL-4 - Th2
IL-6 and TGF-beta - Th17
TGF-beta - Treg - 11What does Th1 do?Release IFN-gamma and activate macrophages
- 12what does Th2 do?Release IL-4 and activate B cells
- 13What does Th17 do?Release IL-17 to cause neutrophil recruitment
- 14what does Treg do?suppress the immune system by inhibiting dendritic cells to decrease T cell activation
- 15What is the structure of the TCR?heterdimer - alpha and beta chain
part of Ig supergene family - 16what is the structure of a BCR?membrane bound Ig
- 17name an example of a molecules that can activate a B cell directly?LPS
- 18Name 2 characteristics of B cells that are activated in the T cell independant way?Secrete low affinity IgM
short lived - 19what allows B cells to undergo clonal expansion so quickly?down regulation of cell cycle inhibitors
- 20what are the three functions of antibodies in the immune response?neutralisation
opsonisation
complement activation - 21how long do T dependant activated memory and plasma B cells live for?plasma- long lived as they can last for years in the bone marrow
memory - long lived as they can last for moths to years in the germinal centres - 22what are the 5 IG subtypes and what are they defined by?IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
their effector mechanisms - 23what is B cell class switching mediated by?interaction between CD40 on B cell and CD40L on ThC under the influence of IL-4
- 24What is hyper Ig syndrome caused by and what are the symptoms?deficiency in either CD40 or CD40L so there is a lack of class switching and lots of IgM which causes patients to suffer from recurrent pyogenic infections
- 25what is affinity maturation?somatic mutation causes an increase in the Ab's affinity for the Ag
- 26where are B and T cells activated?secondary lymphoid tissues (Peyer's patches, spleen, lymph nodes)
- 27what do secondary lymphoid tissues do?choreograph the encounter between T cells and DC's and support the clonal expansion of B cells and their class switching and affinity maturation in germinal centres
- 28what is an example of an oppurtunistic pathogen?mycobacterium tubercolosis
- 29what does the classical pathway of complement involve?Ag-Ab complexes
- 30what does the MB-Lectin pathway of C' involves?Mannose binding lectin binds mannose on pathogen surface
- 31what does the alternative pathway involve?pathogen surfaces
- 32whatare the three effects of C'?opsonisation
MAC
peptide mediators of inflammation and phagocyte recruitment
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- Immunology and Microbiology Flashcards on Tute 3, created by jessica.neilan on 01/01/2014.
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