Flashcards

453: Test 2 EKG

brittny beauford English 44 cards

Cards in this deck (44)

1The heart is the engine of the body, it is_________ and___________.electrical
mechanical
2Cardiac cells are electrically negative at rest. ____IN and_____OUTK+
Na++
3Movement of sodium and potassium in and out of the cells cause changes that can be picked up on the ______ by electrodes and translated to the ECG printout.skin
4When the cell is stimulated by an electrical impulse,________ rushes into the cell and____________ leaks out. This causes cell to become positively charged, this is referred to as_________! Contraction follows.sodium
potassium
DEPOLARIZATION
5During cell recovery, the sodium-potassium pump returns cell to it’s negative charge. This is____________! Muscle relaxation follows.REPOLARIZATION
6#1 SA Node=___-__ beats per minute60-80
7#2 _____=40-60 BMPAV node
8#3____,_____, & _______=20-40 BPMHIS, Bundle Branches & Purkinje
9Cardiac Intervals One small box=_____ seconds One large box=_____ seconds 5 large boxes=_____ seconds0.04 seconds
.20 seconds
1 second
10—reference for counting
11PR interval – time for electrical impulse to get from _______ to the _________, <0.20 seconds (5 small or 1 large boxes)atria
ventricles
12_____ interval – measures the time it takes to depolarize the ventricles, < 0.12 seconds (3 small boxes)QRS interval
<0.12 seconds is mentioned twice in the powerpoint and .04-.10 seconds is mentioned once
13QT interval – measures depolarization and repolarization time of the ventricles. Measured from the beginning of the QRS to the end of the T-wave. Should be less than one half the R – R interval. If prolonged can lead to ____________. Usually 0.36 - 0.44 seconds (9 – 11 little boxes) Lead 2 or V5 – 6 best place to measure.lethal dysrhythmias
14Indicates atrial depolarization, or contraction of the atrium. The P wave can have any shape, up, down, or biphasic, as long as it is consistentP wave
15Indicates AV node conduction time Duration time is 0.12 to 0.20 secondsPR segment
16Indicates ventricular depolarization, or contraction of the ventricles. Interval is .04-.10 seconds or <0.12 secondsQRS interval
<0.12 seconds is mentioned twice in the powerpoint and .04-.10 seconds is mentioned once
17Indicated ventricular repolarization. Or the ventricles at rest Rounded and asymmetricalT wave
18Questions to consider with an EKGIs it regular or irregular?
Is there a P wave?
Is there a P wave for every QRS?
What is the rate ?
Is the QRS wide or normal ?
19—Sinus tachycardia (100 and above)
20—Sinus rhythm (60-99)
21—Sinus brady (59 and below )
22—supraventricular tachycardia (don't need to know)
*In class we pretend this is sinus tach even though there is no P wave and it breaks all there rules grrrrr
23—Atrial fibrilaiton (irregularly irregular with no discernible P wave)
If rate is irregular, must calculate by range
Ex. this pt is 55-90 (shorts and longest range)
24—atrial flutter (sawtooth or shark tooth)
25—Rate control: just because its upside down doesn't mean it doesn't count
*cool story bro
263 treatments of A-FibPREVENTINO OF BLOOD CLOTS: ASA, Warfarin. NOACS-Pradaxa, Xarelto, Eliquis
HEART RATE CONTROL: Beta Blockers
HEART RHYTHM CONTROL: Sodium Channel Blockers (Flecanide, Quinidine)
Potassium Channel Blockers (Amiodarone, Sotalol)
27Rest period before heart get ready to beat againDepolarization
28—Premature atrial contraction (don't need to know)
*in class we pretend this is sinus rhythm with a rate even though its not regular once again grrrr
29—PVC (an ecotype we don't need to know)
30—PVC (an ecotype we don't need to know)
31A sinus rhythm must be/have what?A QRS wave and regular
32—(lethal ventricular rhythms)
33—Ventricular tachycardia (lethal ventricular rhythms)
34—torsades de pointe
35—ventricular fibrillation (lethal ventricular rhythms)
36Treatment of VT or V-FibAssess patient NOT monitor. Pulse? LOC? VS?
CPR, O2, IV, defib/pacer pads
Cardioversion: Stable
Defibrillate: Symptomatic
Rx: Epi, vasopressin, amiodarone, (Lidocaine, old school)
37—Torsades
can occur when magnesium is depeleated
38Long QT syndrome Risk factors?Torsades de Pointes
Risk factors:
Medications, women 2x > men, >65 y/o, Heart Dx, Diuretics, Renal or Hepatic dysfunction, Electrolytes abnorms, Bradycardia,
39Treatment Collaborative Care for TorsadesSTOP CAUSATIVE MEDS
Synchronized Cardioversion
IV Magnesium (for who?), Potassium, Amiodarone
IAD
40Education Collaborative Care for TorsadesMedications to avoid and those to take
Seek care immediately for syncope
BLS training for family, consider AED (enter defibrilatior)
41—Benefits of multiple leads
42What is this?Point is sometimes you need more then one lead
43What is this??
44TEST QUESITON Cardioversion and defribilationBOTH SHOCK
Defibrilaiton-push button pads go, it will go no matter what when you push button
cardioversion synchronized- goes specifically when a pattern is recognized. *Used during Vtach if conscious and unsymtomatic