3866542
Description
Flashcards by kylie-jamieson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kylie-jamieson
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The single cell formed from separate sperm and egg cells at conception | zygote |
| The cell released monthly from a woman’s ovaries, which, if fertilized, forms the basis for the developing organism. | ovum |
| The tube that is between the ovary and the uterus and where conception usually occurs | fallopian tube |
| The female organ in which the embryo/fetus develops | uterus |
| The cells produced in a man’s testes that may fertilize an ovum following intercourse | sperm |
| The structures, arrayed in 23 pairs, within each cell in the body that contain genetic information. | chromosomes |
| The chromosomes are composed of long strings of molecules of a chemical | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| A uniquely coded segment of DNA in a chromosome that affects one or more specific body processes or developments. | genes |
| The pattern of characteristics and developmental sequences mapped in the genes of any specific individual, which will be modified by individual experience into the phenotype. | geneotype |
| The set of actual observed characteristics of the individual; a product of three things: the genotype, environmental influences from the time of conception onward, and the interaction between the two. | phenotype |
| The first stage of prenatal development, beginning at conception and ending at implantation of the zygote in the uterus (approximately the first 2 weeks). | germinal stage |
| Name for the mass of cells from roughly 4 to 10 days after fertilization. | blastocyst |
| The name given to the developing organism during the period of prenatal development between about 2 weeks and 8 weeks after conception, beginning with implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall. | embryo |
| The second stage of prenatal development, from week 2 through week 8, when the embryo’s organs form. | embryonic stage |
| The sac, or bag, filled with liquid in which the embryo/fetus floats during prenatal life | amnion |
| The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst during prenatal development, from which both the placenta and the umbilical cord are formed. | chorion |
| An organ that develops between the fetus and the wall of the uterus during gestation | placenta |
| The cord connecting the embryo/fetus to the placenta, containing two arteries and one vein. | umbilical cord |
| The name given to the developing organism from about 8 weeks after conception until birth. | fetus |
| the third stage of prenatal development, from week 8 to birth, when growth and organ refinement take place | fetal stage |
| The fetus’s capacity for survival outside the womb. | viability |
| The specialized cells of the nervous system that are responsible for transmission and reception of nerve impulses | neurons |
| The part of the cell that contains the nucleus and in which all the cell’s vital functions are carried out | cell bodies |
| Tiny spaces across which neural impulses flow from one neuron to the next. | synapses |
| Tail-like extensions that can grow to be several feet in length. | axons |
| Tentacle-like branches that extend out from the cell body. | dendrites |
| The ‘glue’ that holds neurons together to give form to the structures of the nervous system. | glial cells |
| Substances such as viruses and drugs or events that can cause birth defects. | teratogens |
| A genetic anomaly in which every cell contains three copies of chromosome 21 rather than two. | down syndrome (trisomy 21) |
| A pattern of abnormalities, including mental retardation and minor physical anomalies, often found in children born to alcoholic mothers. | fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
| Term describing the genetic pattern when the two genes in the pair at any given genetic locus both carry the same instructions. | homozygous |
| Term describing the genetic pattern when the two genes in the pair at any given genetic locus carry different instructions, | heterozygous |
| The pattern of genetic transmission in which a single dominant gene influences a person’s phenotype, but an individual must have two recessive genes to express a recessive trait. | dominant/recessive pattern of inheritance |
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